贵州省煤矿矿山生态环境修复技术方案探讨--以安顺某煤矿为例

研究区的矿山环境恢复治理主要偏重于矿山的复绿治理,而对生态环境修复重视程度不够,在矿山环境治理过程中,更应高度重视生态修复。通过对研究区以往的治理工程进行详细分析,提出相关治理措施:对于关停多年的矿山,以生态修复为主、人工干扰为辅的原则进行治理;采用封堵矿井出水口,阻止矿井废水向外渗漏,阻断矿井出水口污染水继续污染外围区域;矿井出水口污染区域地势较高区,采用种植蕨类植物(蜈蚣草、铁芒萁)、商陆等植物,降低污染区的铁锰物质含量,改善土壤污染现状;沼泽塘区域,在矿井废水出水口修建排水沟,将矿井出水口未封堵住的污染水引入沼泽塘,并将沼泽塘区域改建成多级沼泽池,在沼泽池内撒生石灰降低土壤的pH,SO_(4)^(2-)值后,再在池内种植水生植物(凤眼莲、芦苇等),利用沼泽中水生植物的生态特征多级净化矿井污水中Fe^(2+),Fe^(3+),Al^(3+),SO_(4)^(2-),Mn^(2+)污染物质后,再排入孟登水库。

The restoration and management of the mining environment in the research area mainly focuses on the restoration and greening of mines,while the emphasis on ecological environment restoration is insufficient.The paper advocates that the importance of ecological restoration should be highly valued in the process of mining environmental governance.Through a detailed analysis of the previous governance projects in the research area,it is proposed that for mines that have been shut down for many years,ecological restoration should be the main principle of governance,supplemented by artificial interference;blocking the mine outlet to prevent the outward leakage of mine wastewater and preventing the continued pollution of surrounding areas by polluted water from the mine outlet;the polluted area of the mine water outlet is located in areas with high terrain,and ferns(centipede grass,iron fern),Phytolacca acinosa Roxb,and other plants are planted to reduce iron and manganese substances in the polluted area and improve the current situation of soil pollution;in the swamp pond area,a drainage ditch is constructed at the outlet of the mine wastewater,and the polluted water that is not blocked at the outlet of the mine is introduced into the swamp pond.The swamp pond area is transformed into a multi-level swamp pond,where quicklime is sprinkled to reduce the pH and SO_(4)^(2-) values of the soil.Then,aquatic plants(such as water hyacinth and reed)are planted in the pond,and the ecological characteristics of aquatic plants in the swamp are utilized to purify Fe^(2+),Fe^(3+),Al^(3+),SO_(4)^(2-) and Mn^(2+) pollutants in the mine wastewater at multiple stages before discharging into the Mengdeng Reservoir.