外膜囊泡在幽门螺杆菌定植与致病中的作用及其应用价值

Role of outer membrane vesicles in Helicobacter pylori colonization and pathogenesis and its application value

幽门螺杆菌(Hp)作为Ⅰ类致癌物质,已感染全球超过一半的人群,是引起慢性胃炎、胃十二指肠溃疡及胃癌和胃黏膜相关淋巴组织与淋巴瘤等恶性肿瘤的原因之一。目前,Hp可以通过菌体蛋白、分泌酶及相关毒素因子与宿主胃上皮细胞相互作用,增加癌前病变及癌症的发生风险。越来越多的研究表明Hp自发脱落形成的外膜囊泡(OMVs)除含有多种酶和毒素外,还存在明显的小分子优势,且在Hp的存活和慢性感染中发挥重要作用。同时,OMVs在Hp疫苗的研发、小分子运输载体以及生物标志物的应用中也表现出良好的潜在应用价值。该文就目前关于Hp OMVs在Hp定植和致病中发挥的作用进行总结并展望其在抗肿瘤和耐药基因传播中的作用,以期为药物的开发和疾病的诊断治疗提供新的思路和方向。

Helicobacter pylori(Hp),as a classⅠcarcinogen,has infected more than half of the world′s population and is one of the causes of chronic gastritis,gastroduodenal ulcer,gastric cancer,gastric muco-associated lymphoid tissue and lymphoma.At present,Hp can interact with host gastric epithelial cells through cell proteins,secretory enzymes and related toxin factors to increase the risk of precancerous lesions and cancer.More and more studies have shown that the outer membrane vesicles(OMVs)formed by spontaneous shedding of Hp contain many enzymes and toxins,but also have obvious small-molecule advantages,and play an important role in the survival and chronic infection of Hp.At the same time,OMVs also show good potential application value in the development of Hp vaccine,small molecule transport vector and biomarker application.This paper summarizes the role of Hp OMVs in Hp colonization and pathogenicity,and look forward to its role in anti-tumor and drug-resistant gene transmission,in order to provide new ideas and directions for drug development and disease diagnosis and treatment.