从“物理国际化”到“虚拟国际化”:高等教育国际化的范式转换

From"Physical Internationalization"to"Virtual Internationalization":Paradigm Shifts of Higher Education Internationalization

高等教育国际化在其历史变迁中出现了多次转向。基于托马斯·库恩的范式理论,高等教育国际化范式在不同主体推动下,经历了前科学、常规科学、反常与危机、科学革命四个阶段,分别对应高等教育国际化范式的松散自发时期、物理国际化时期、在地国际化为代表的新形式时期、虚拟国际化渐趋主流时期。后疫情时代,高等教育国际化步入科学革命阶段,在数字与信息通讯技术的广泛渗透及新的全球化发展态势中,高等教育国际化范式的价值理念、模型框架、共有范例寻求新的常态。虚拟国际化强调协同高等教育国际化发展与数字化转型、消除高等教育国际化境外与在地的物理边界、重构不确定时代高等教育国际化之确定性,具有成为高等教育国际化新范式的潜能。

The internationalization of higher education has experienced several paradigm shifts throughout its history.Drawing on Thomas Kuhn's paradigm theory,these shifts have progressed through four stages:pre-science,normal science,anomaly and crisis,and scientific revolution.These stages correspond to the eras of informal and spontaneous internationalization,physical internationalization,new forms of localized internationalization,and the emerging dominance of virtual internationalization.In the post-pandemic era,as higher education enters the stage of the scientific revolution,it is influenced by the extensive integration of digital and information communication technologies and new global trends.This shift is redefining the internationalization paradigm's values,frameworks,and exemplars.Virtual internationalization emphasizes the synergy between internationalization and digital transformation in higher education,the elimination of physical boundaries in transnational and domestic contexts,and the reconstruction of certainty in an uncertain era.It shows significant potential to become the new paradigm in the internationalization of higher education.