“人机共情”的伦理风险及其治理路径

The Ethical Risk and Governance of"Human-Robot Empathy"

社交机器人的发展延伸了人类社会交往空间的界限,“人机共情”成为一个重要的话题。共情情感从人扩展到机器人,拟人化的技术使人机交互更加密切。人类共情和机器智能情感系统的本质决定了“人机共情”是一种不真实的、想象性的知觉现象,由此带来了自主性降低的伦理风险,具体表现为情感欺骗和行动力降低。通过反思经典的伦理学方法,从技术德性的角度出发,提出设计“有德性的社交机器人”和培养“人机共情”中人的德性两条路径,以规避伦理风险促进人机之间的深度融合。

The development of social robots has extended the boundaries of human social communication space,and"human-robot empathy"has become an important topic.Empathy extends from human to robot,and anthropomorphic technology makes human-robot interaction closer.The essence of human empathy and the emotional system of robots intelligence determines that"human-robot empathy"is an unreal and imaginative perceptual phenomenon,which brings the ethical risk of reduced autonomy,emotional deception and reduced mobility.By reflecting on the classical ethical methods and from the perspective of technical virtue,this paper puts forward two paths:designing a virtuous social robot and cultivating human virtue in"human-robot empathy"in order to avoid ethical risks and promote the human-robot interaction.