科技自立自强:历史逻辑、实践逻辑和理论逻辑——基于中国式现代化的视角

Science and Technology Self-reliance:Historical Logic,Practical Logic and Theoretical Logic--In the Perspective of Chinese Modernization

科技自立自强不应被简单地理解为“技术自给自足”,它是以科技向善为目标、以新型举国体制为动力依次建成创新型国家,进入创新型国家前列,最终成为世界科技强国的中国式现代化进程;它直指西式现代化中的技术民族主义、科技霸权主义,科学普世主义,文化绝对主义等国际思潮。它的历史逻辑历经传统技艺的自给自足、现代化变革时期的“师夷制夷”、全球化时代“引进-落后-再引进”的恶性循环到中国式现代化阶段的科技自立自强以及未来的世界科技中心;它的实践逻辑包含尊重创新规律、坚持问题导向、优化顶层设计、分步推进、集中优势力量、双轮驱动创新和弘扬科学家精神和科技向善八个环节;它的理论逻辑由三个命题构成:工人阶级政党领导一个人口众多的发展中国家实现科技自立自强是可能的,社会主义制度通过新型举国体制推进科技自立自强是可能的,人类文明新形态作为科技自立自强的创新文化是可能的。简言之,科技自立自强是中国式现代化的“技术话语”,而中国式现代化是科技自立自强的“学术话语”。从学科体系、学术体系和话语体系看,科技自立自强任重道远。

Scientific and technological self-reliance should not be simply understood as"technological self-sufficiency".It is a practice process of Chinese modernization,which is based on the platform of the new form of human civilization,to successively build an innovation-oriented country,to enter the forefront of innovation-oriented countries,and eventually to be become a scientific and technological power in the world.It is different from technological nationalism,scientific and technological hegemonism,scientific universalism and cultural absolutism.The historical logic of science and technology self-reliance is the objective law from the self-sufficiency of traditional skills in traditional society to"learning from the foreigners in order to gain command of them"and the vicious circle of"technology import-lag in technologyreimport of technology"in the period of modernization and reform to the"transfer of world science and technology center"in the new era.Its practical logic includes eight links:respecting for the law ofinnovation,adhering to the problem orientation,optimizing thetoplevel design,advancing in stages,concentrating the advantages of socialist system,selecting twowheel drive innovation,carrying forward the spirit of scientists and science and technology for the good.Its theoretical logic includes the"science and technology for the good"led by the working-class political party,the new nationwide system reflecting the advantages of the socialist system,and the new form of human civilization as an innovative culture constitute the theoretical pillars of China's scientific and technological self-reliance.In short,scientific-technological self-reliance is the"technical discourse"of Chinese modernization,while Chinese modernization is the"academic discourse"of scientific and technological self-reliance.From the perspective of discipline system,academic system and discourse system,it is a long way to go for scientific and technological self-reliance.