西方马克思主义对待自然辩证法的态度及启示

Western Marxism's Attitude to the Dialectics of Nature and Its Revelation

西方马克思主义基于主体性视野的社会批判进路,造成了自然辩证法理论视域的“失落”。在自然辩证法与历史唯物主义的关系问题上,西方马克思主义始终无法绕开自然辩证法的关键问题,即物质世界的客观性及其规律性必然要在生产方式层面上表现出来,从而在生产关系、整个社会交往关系乃至意识形态层面上表现出来,并表现为对主体的强制性。为了绕开上述关键问题,西方马克思主义在不同层面上进行了对历史唯物主义的改造,引入了黑格尔哲学、马基雅维利政治学、弗洛伊德主义等来对抗自然辩证法的客观性在先逻辑。其后果是,西方马克思主义虽然在主体性批判领域深刻地揭示了现代资本主义的深层问题,但由于自然和社会客观性层面的缺失,使得它无法真正还原人与自然的关系,无法真正在社会发展的层面上进行人与自然、人与人的和谐状态探讨,更无法真正展现现代生产力发展的真实面目及其历史进步作用。

Western Marxism,based on the perspective of subjectivity in social criticism,has led to the"loss"of the dialectics of nature.Regarding the relationship between natural dialectics and historical materialism,Western Marxism has consistently been unable to avoid the key issue of natural dialectics,which necessitates the objectivity and regularity of the material world to be manifested at the level of the means of production,thereby affecting the relations of production,the entirety of social interactions,and even the level of ideology,and ultimately imposing its force on the subject.In order to circumvent this crucial problem,Western Marxism has attempted to transform historical materialism at various levels,incorporating Hegelian philosophy,Machiavellian political theory,Freudianism,and others,in opposition to the objectivity of natural dialectics in terms of logical priority.The consequence of this transformation is that while Western Marxism deeply reveals the underlying issues of modern capitalism in the realm of subjectivity critique,it fails to genuinely comprehend the relationship between humans and nature,neglects genuine exploration of the harmonious state between humans and nature,and lacks the ability to truly represent the authentic nature and historical progress of modern productive forces.