苏轼对韩国汉诗中赤壁景观书写的影响

The Influence of Su Shi on the Writing of Chibi Landscape in Korean Chinese-related Poetry

赤壁是湖北省东南部的一处地理形胜,因赤壁之战而声名鹊起,引起历代文人吟咏,他们常以赤壁为媒介,拈出三国时期的历史来追叙咏叹。宋代苏轼贬谪黄州,写下了传诵千古的《赤壁赋》,赋予了赤壁这一景观全新的意义。在朝鲜朝前期,崇苏之风盛行,《赤壁赋》流传甚广,当时的文人将自身所处环境中与赤壁地理形貌类似的景观视为“赤壁”,将黄州赤壁移入自身所处的地方,赤壁成为一处流动的风景。在历代韩国文人的吟咏中,相关的文化文本构筑起了赤壁景观的想象空间,赤壁不仅仅是山水相得益彰的一处形胜之地,更是承载苏子精神的物质实体,体现了韩国文人对苏轼人格以及才华的崇拜景仰之情。韩国文人泛舟游“赤壁”亦是借此寄托自身的情感,在诗歌中他们视“赤壁”之游是游赏之至乐,“赤壁”成为韩国失意文人的世外桃源,表现出浓厚的归隐情绪。透过韩国文人的赤壁景观书写,可见苏轼这一文学典范对韩国文学产生了重要影响,彰显了中华文化在东亚中华文化圈中的意义。

Chibi is a distinguished geographical spot in the southeast of Hubei Province.It became famous for the Battle of Chibi in history,which aroused favorable poetic writings of literati from all dynasties.They often recount and commemorate the history of The Three Kingdoms period through writing about Chibi.In the Song Dynasty,Su Shi was relegated to Huangzhou and wrote the Ode to the Red Cliff,which was passed down through generations,and endowing Chibi a complete new meaning.In the early dynasties of Korea,the Ode to the Red Cliff was widely circulated and adoring Su Shi became a popular fashion among Korean literati.They regarded the landscape similar to the geographical morphology of red cliff in their own environment as"red cliff",and moved it into their own place,thus making it a flowing landscape.In the poetic writing of Korean literati in previous dynasties,the relevant cultural texts have built up the imagination space of Chibi landscape.Chibi is not only a place where the mountains and rivers complement each other,but also a material entity bearing the spirit of Su Zi,reflecting the Korean literati's admiration for Su Shi's personality and talent.The Korean literati went boating touring"Red Cliff"is also a way to express their own emotions.In the poems,they regarded the"Red Cliff"tour as the ultimate pleasure of traveling,and become a paradise for the Korean frustrated literati,indicating a strong mood towards retreat.Through the writing of the Chibi landscape of Korean literati,we can perceive that Su Shi,a literary model,has exerted an important influence upon Korean literature,and this case highlights the significance of Chinese culture in the East Asian Chinese culture circle.