儿童的发现与再发现:洛克教育思想辨析(三)

The Discovery and Rediscovery of Children:An Analysis of Locke's Educational Thoughts

基于对洛克著作的重新解读,从洛克儿童观的经验(实践)基础、理论基础、基本含义来看,洛克强调亲子之间的平等关系与父母抚养教育子女的义务和责任,主张顺应儿童天性,重视儿童个性发展,要求尊重儿童人格,关注儿童身体健康,注重兴趣在儿童学习中的作用。洛克的儿童观是对儿童的“重新发现”,是欧洲社会儿童观的一次重要革新,对欧洲近代教育发展发挥了不可替代的关键作用。

This article is based on a reinterpretation of Locke's works.It is believed that Locke emphasized the equal relationship between parents and children,as well as the obligation and responsibility of parents to raise and educate their children.He advocated adapting to children's nature,valuing their individual development,demanding respect for children's personalities,paying attention to children's physical health,and emphasizing the role of interests in children's learning.This implied a"rediscovery"of children,which was an important reform of the European view of children.It has played an irreplaceable key role in the development of modern education in Europe.