日本高等教育应对少子化挑战的策略及其启示

How Does Japanese Higher Education Cope with the Challenge of Low Birth Rate and Its Implications

在少子化的强势冲击下,日本高等教育面临着生源危机、财政危机、质量危机、效益下滑等多重挑战,一些高校甚至不得不直面生存危机。对此,日本政府与高校采取了一系列应对策略。但由于政府层面反应迟缓、政策实施力度不强,高校层面惯性思维根深蒂固、改革被动乏力,日本高等教育发展至今仍受制于少子化带来的负面影响。当前,我国正面临着高等教育传统适龄人口持续减少的难题,中日两国间存在问题的“时间差”使得考察日本的相关经验教训可以为我国高等教育发展提供警示,以避免重蹈覆辙。

Under the strong impact of the crisis of low birth rate,Japanese higher education is facing multiple challenges such as enrollment crisis,financial crisis,quality crisis and efficiency decline,and some universities even have to face the survival crisis.In response,the Japanese government and universities have adopted a series of countermeasures.However,due to the slow response and weak policy strength of the government,the deep-rooted inertia thinking and the weak reform of universities,the development of Japanese higher education is still subject to the negative impact of low birth rate.At present,China's higher education is facing the problem that the school-age population continues to decrease,and the"time difference"between China and Japan makes the relevant lessons from Japan can provide us with warnings to avoid detours.