为什么中产易出贵子——从社会分层到教育差距的实证研究

Why Elites Often Grow Up in Middle-class Families? Empirical Research into Inequality of Social Hierarchy and Inequality of Education

改革开放以来,我们的社会逐渐出现从“寒门出贵子”到“中产出贵子”的趋势,是什么样的原因导致了这一现象的发生呢?利用中国家庭追踪调查2018年数据,分别考察了贫穷阶层、中产阶层、富裕阶层家庭孩子的成绩,以及影响孩子成绩的主要因素。通过有序Probit模型并使用工具变量进行计量分析,发现:中产阶层家庭的孩子成绩最好,贫穷阶层家庭的孩子成绩最差。研究结论进一步揭示了造成孩子成绩差异的原因主要有“别人教”和“自己教”两方面:家庭对孩子教育的资金投入不同、父母能否让孩子上得起课外辅导班、父母有时间有能力教育孩子的“言传”差异、父母是否可以给孩子起到以身作则的“身教”作用。

What is the reason for the gradual evolution of our educational development from“producing noble children from humble families”to“producing noble children from middle schools”?Through the data of CFPS,2018,we reveal that students who earn top grades are from middle-class families,rather than from low-class or high-class families.In this paper,we try to explain this phenomenon.Through our study,in middle-class families,parents can teach their children by themselves,and can do better pattens to their children than high-class and low-class families.Also,they have the necessary investment in basic education funds,so they can provide their children remedial classes.As a result,students of middle-class families often do well in their studies.