高三学生体育锻炼特点及其与高考成绩关系的实证研究

An Empirical Study on the Characteristics of High School Seniors’Physical Exercise and Its Relationship with College Entrance Examination Scores

党和国家高度重视青少年身体健康与体育锻炼,出台各项政策保障青少年每天校内锻炼至少1小时,而面临高考压力的高三年级学生的体育锻炼时间很容易被学业挤占。基于某省2021届高三毕业生调查数据,使用统计分析、计量回归分析、倾向性得分匹配等方法,分析高三学生的体育锻炼情况及其与高考成绩的关系,发现近八成高三学生坚持每天锻炼1小时及以上,不足两成学生每天锻炼2小时及以上。其中,女生、独生子女、城镇户口、父母文化程度较高、中考成绩较好、优质高中的学生平均体育锻炼时长更短。参加体育锻炼的学生高考成绩显著高于未参加的学生,差异主要体现在女生、中考成绩较好、优质高中等本身较少参加体育锻炼的学生中。体育锻炼时长与高考成绩之间呈倒U型关系,每天锻炼1.1小时的学生高考成绩最优,女生、中考成绩排名靠前、优质高中学生的最优体育锻炼时长更长、高于其平均体育锻炼时长。以上发现侧面检验了相关政策的现实价值,并对明确高中学生体育锻炼要求、提高学生体育锻炼意识具有重要启示。

The Party and the state attach great importance to physical health and physical exercise of teenagers,and have introduced various policies to ensure that teenagers exercise on campus for at least one hour every day.However,physical exercise of high school seniors facing the pressure of college entrance examination is easily squeezed out by their studies.Based on the survey data of 2021 high school seniors in a certain province,this study uses statistical analysis,econometric regression analysis,and propensity score matching methods to analyze the physical exercise situation of high school graduating seniors and its relationship with college entrance examination scores.The study found that nearly 80%of high school graduating seniors insist on exercising for one hour or more every day,while less than 20%of high school seniors exercise for 2 hours or more every day.Among them,girls,only children,urban residents,students with more educated parents,students who perform well in high school entrance examination,and selective high school students have shorter average physical exercise hours.Students who participate in physical exercise have significantly higher scores in college entrance examination than those who do not participate,and the difference is mainly reflected in students who rarely participate in physical exercise such as girls,students who perform well in high school entrance examination,and selective high school students.There is an inverse U-shaped relationship between physical exercise duration and college entrance examination scores.Students who exercise for 1.1 hours every day perform best in college entrance examination.Girls,students ranked high in the high school entrance examination,and selective high school students have longer optimal physical exercise duration,which is higher than their average physical exercise duration.The findings indirectly test the practical value of relevant policies and have important implications for clarifying the requirements for physical exercise among high school students and improving their awareness of physical exercise.