印度半导体战略的驱动因素、实施路径及前景展望

Drivers,Implementation Paths and Prospects of India’s Semiconductor Strategy

由于半导体的高科技含量和高附加值,半导体产业已成为国家关键性产业。在全球芯片短缺和中美竞争背景下,各主要国家纷纷推出半导体战略以增强国家安全。印度在半导体产业上起步早,但因多重因素发展一度停滞。近年来,在“印度制造”政策推动下,印度重新确认了半导体在国家战略中的核心地位。为实现半导体领域的“自力更生”,印度采取了三管齐下的策略:巩固设计优势、激励制造业发展、通过芯片外交增强供应链韧性。强烈的政治意愿、其潜在的巨大市场、深厚的人才储备,以及国际科技竞争环境的变化,为印度发展半导体产业提供了有利契机。然而,印度半导体战略实施面临诸多挑战,包括僵化的官僚体系、不健全的知识产权保护机制、不充足的财政补贴、关键原材料的对外依赖和落后的基础建设等。这些问题不仅延缓了半导体产业发展的步伐,还可能在不同阶段成为制约印度半导体产业发展的瓶颈。

Due to the high technological content and added value of semiconductors the semiconductor industry has become a key national industry.In the context of global chip shortages and Sino-US competition major countries have introduced semiconductor strategies to enhance national security.India an early starter in the semiconductor industry experienced development stagnation due to various factors.In recent years,under the impetus of the"Make in India"policy,India has reaffirmed the core position of semiconductors in its national strategy.To achieve self-reliance in the semiconductor field,India has adopted a three-pronged strategy:consolidating its design advantages,incentivizing manufacturing development,and enhancing supply chain resilience through chip diplomacy.However,the implementation of India's semiconductor strategy faces numerous challenges,including a rigid bureaucratic system,inadequate intellectual property protection mechanisms,and outdated infrastructure.These issues not only slow down industry development but could also become bottlenecks,restricting the growth of India's semiconductor industry.