体育运动学校何以由“危”转“机”?——基于多案例分析

How can Sports Schools Transform“Crisis”into“Opportunity”?-Based on a Multi-case Analysis

以湖北省京山市网球学校、浙江省长兴县体校、内蒙古巴彦淖尔市体校等3个兼顾不同类型、区域、层级的体育运动学校(以下简称“体校”)为案例,分析体校由“危”转“机”的实践过程、运行机制和实现效果。基于体校“何以陷入危机、何以寻找机遇、何以走出困境”的实践逻辑,发现体校在从多元项目向特色项目转型,从传统模式向多元模式转型,从被动接纳向能力拓展转型的过程中,探索了以集约优势资源、建立灵活机制和提升办学能力为关键举措的改革路径。基于“危机—成效—机制”的理论逻辑,发现体校以“能人”治理和柔性治理,形成自下而上推动改革的驱动力;以纵向贯通和横向合作的组织结构改革,建立能力驱动及互动开放的驱动模式,形成体校由“危”转“机”的核心力;最终,通过资源融合和目标融合,实现体校的组织功能整合迭代,形成体校由“危”转“机”的竞争力。据此,建议从补齐政策短板、优化资源配置和强化内部治理等方面推动体校改革与发展。

This study examines the process,mechanisms,and outcomes of sports schools transitioning from a state of crisis to one of opportunity.Three sports schools of different types in different regions and levels are analyzed as case studies:Jingshan Tennis School in Hubei Province,Changxing County Sports School in Zhejiang Province,and Bayannur Sports School in Inner Mongolia.Based on the practical logic of how sports schools fall into a crisis,search for opportunities,and overcome challenges,it is found that sports schools explore a reform path that focuses on leveraging intensive advantage resources,establishing flexible mechanisms,and enhancing educational capabilities during the transition from diverse programs to specialized programs,traditional models to diverse models,and passive acceptance to capacity expansion.Drawing on the theoretical logic of“crisis-effect-mechanism”,the study reveals that sports schools are driven by“capable individuals”governance and flexible governance,fostering bottom-up reform.Through vertical integration and horizontal collaboration in organizational structure reform,sports schools develop driving mode driven by capabilities and interactive openness,which serve as the core driving force for their transformation from a state of crisis to opportunity.Ultimately,through resource integration and goal alignment,sports schools achieve iterative integration of organizational functions,enhancing their ompetitiveness during the transformation process.The study concludes by emphasizing the need to drive the reform and development of sports schools by addressing policy gaps,optimizing resource allocation,and strengthening internal governance.