我国专利有效性的司法裁判制度构建

The Construction of the Judicial Adjudication System for the Validity of Patents in China

专利有效性指专利的有效法律权利状态,专利能被法律所保护。我国专利有效性面临的司法难题源于专利确权制度恪守在行政职权范围以内。由于专利确权的行政行为属性,早期理论认为专利有效性问题不宜在专利行政诉讼或者专利民事侵权纠纷中接受司法审查。然而,随着专利诉讼案件的数量激增,专利确权导致案件中止而拉长诉讼周期,部分纠纷久拖不决,法院及当事人均不堪重负。我国从严格的专利确权行政审查到如今在专利司法裁判中的实践探索,能够响应专利快速维权的现实需求,促进科技成果向现实生产力转化。美国、日本各有特点的专利行政、司法审查“双轨制”探索,可为构建我国专利有效性的司法裁判制度提供可借鉴的经验。我国在司法终局原则、权利救济原则、程序经济原则等原则框架下,有必要确定专利有效性合理的司法审查范围、行政司法统一的裁判标准,明确裁判效力的边界,以构建具有我国特色的专利有效性司法裁判制度,克服单一行政确权制度的局限。

Patent validity refers to the valid legal rights status of the patent,and the patent can be protected by the law.The judicial problem faced by the validity of patents in China stems from the strict observance of administrative authority in the patent confirmation system.Due to the administrative behavior attributes of confirming patent rights,early theories believe that the effectiveness of patent validity should not be subject to judicial review in patent administrative lawsuits or patent civil infringement disputes.However,with the surge in the number of patent litigation cases,the procedure for confirmation of patent rights has led to the suspension of cases and lengthened the litigation cycle,and some disputes have been unresolved for a long time,and the courts and parties have been overwhelmed.In China,from the strict administrative review of patent confirmation to the practical exploration in patent judicial adjudication,this shift can respond quickly to the practical needs of patent rights protection and promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements into real productivity.The United States and Japan have their own characteristics in exploring the"dual-track system"of administrative examination and judicial examination of patents,all of them can provide reference experience for the construction of China's judicial adjudication system for patent validity.Under the framework of the principles of the final judicial situation,the principles of rights relief,and the principles of procedural economic principles.It is necessary for China to determine the reasonable scope of judicial review with patent validity,unified adjudication standards for administration and justice and clarify the boundaries of the effectiveness of the referee.On this basis,a judicial adjudication system for patent validity with Chinese characteristics should be constructed,to overcome the limitations of a single administrative confirmation system.