多维视角下学科交叉全过程测度与动态演进研究——以“五计学”研究为例

Research on the Whole Process Measurement of Interdisciplinarity and Its Dynamic Evolution from Multidimensional Perspectives:Taking the Study of“Five-Metrics”as an Example

[目的/意义]聚焦多维视角下学科交叉全过程测度,有助于揭示知识流动过程中学科交叉程度的变化,掌握学科交叉模式及规律,丰富交叉科学知识体系。[方法/过程]依据交叉科学理论,将布里渊指数运用到学科交叉全过程测度,提出并计算学科交叉散度。以“五计学”研究为例,综合运用引文分析法、数学模型分析法等,使用python、MATLAB、Origin等工具,基于30970条目标文献记录及对应的292990条参考文献记录、188473条引证文献记录,从知识集成、会聚与扩散全过程测度学科交叉,并从宏观、中观、微观视角揭示学科交叉规律,探索“五计学”学科交叉模式。[结果/结论](1)“五计学”知识体系能较大程度融合与扩散知识,参考文献集的学科交叉水平增长更快;(2)“五计学”科学产出增长趋势明显,学科基础愈加雄厚,具有广阔的发展前景;(3)“五计学”研究经历了快速发展与成熟稳定,目前处于变革突破期;(4)不同一级学科跨一级学科的知识集成与扩散分布不平衡;(5)识别出4种学科交叉模式,分别为高集成高扩散、低集成高扩散、低集成低扩散、高集成低扩散,并凝练了不同模式的特征与演进趋势;(6)通过不同维度下学科交叉模式的比较,掌握学科与邻近学科、疏离学科知识融合扩散情况。

[Purpose/Significance]This study focuses on the whole process of interdisciplinarity from multidimensional perspective,which helps to reveal the changes in the knowledge flow,grasp the patterns and laws,and enrich the knowledge system.[Method/Process]Based on the interdisciplinary theory,this paper applied the Brillouin index in the whole process measurement,so as to calculate the disciplinary divergence.Taking the study of“Five-Metrics”as an example,it combined citation analysis and mathematical model analysis,with python,MATLAB and Origin,to measure the interdisciplinary degree from the whole process of knowledge integration,convergence and diffusion,based on 30,970 target literature records,292,990 reference literature records and 188,473 citation literature records.It revealed the laws of interdisciplinarity from macro,meso and micro perspectives,and explored the whole process model of interdisciplinarity of“Five-Metrics”.[Result/Conclusion]①The“Five-Metrics”knowledge system can promote the fusion and diffusion of knowledge to a greater extent.The reference collection has a higher interdisciplinary level.②The growth trend of scientific output of“Five-Metrics”is obvious with a stronger disciplinary foundation,and a broad prospects.③The study of“Five-Metrics”has experienced rapid development and maturity,and is now in a period of innovation and breakthrough.④With regard to different first-level disciplines,uneven distribution of knowledge integration and diffusion are observed for interdisciplinarity.⑤It identifies four interdisciplinary knowledge diffusion patterns,namely high integration/high diffusion,low integration/high diffusion,low integration/low diffusion and high integration/low diffusion,and condenses the characteristics and evolutionary trends of different patterns.⑥It compares interdisciplinary patterns under different dimensions to capture the integration and diffusion of knowledge between disciplines and neighboring and alienated disciplines.