山东半岛北部近岸海域浮游动物群落结构及季节变化

Community structure of zooplankton and its seasonal variation in the coastal waters along the northern Shandong Peninsula

根据2016年5月、8月、10月和2017年1月使用浅海Ⅰ型浮游生物网进行的4个航次调查数据,对山东半岛北部近岸海域浮游动物种类组成、时空分布、优势种、群落结构等特征进行了研究。结果显示,4次调查共记录浮游动物39种及浮游幼体13类,隶属于11个门类,以秋季种类数最多。海域内优势种季节更替明显,主要优势种为中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)、双刺唇角水蚤(Labidocera bipinnata)和强壮滨箭虫(Sagitta crassa),其中中华哲水蚤优势度最高,为海域内占主导地位的种类。调查海域浮游动物丰度季节变化明显,以春季最高,平均丰度为147.1 ind·m^(-3),其次是秋季,冬季丰度最低,仅37.3 ind·m^(-3)。浮游动物水平分布不均匀,春季和秋季以调查海域西部芝罘岛附近海域丰度较高,夏季和冬季密集中心位于东部威海附近海域。

The coastal waters along the northern Shandong Peninsula waters is rich in fishery resources,which is the passing fishing ground for economic organisms to enter the Bohai Sea to spawn and leave for winter.In recent years,overfishing and pollution have caused considerable damage to fishery resources there,and zooplankton has been adversely affected.Based on sampling data in this area from 2016 to 2017,the spatial and temporal distribution,structure community,dominant species and diversity indices of zooplankton community were analyzed.39 species of zooplankton and 13 classes zooplankton larvae were record during the four surveys,which belonged to 11 phyla and most species were found in autumn.The dominant species had obvious seasonal change,Calanus sinicus,Labidocera bipinnata and Sagitta crassa were the main dominant species record,among them,Calanus sinicus was the dominant species in four surveys.Influenced by the Bolai coastal current,Yellow Sea warm current and Yellow Sea cold water mass,the seasonal variation of zooplankton abundance was obvious,with the highest abundance(147.1 ind·m^(-3))in spring and the lowest abundance(37.3 ind·m^(-3))in winter.The horizontal distribution of zooplankton abundance was uneven,with higher abundance in the western ocean near Zhifu Island in spring and autumn,while the concentration center located in the eastern ocean near Weihai in summer and winter.