重庆民族区域乡村聚落景观时空演变与影响因子分析

Spatiotemporal evolution and influence factor analysis of rural settlement landscape in Chongqing ethnic area

新型城镇化、脱贫攻坚及乡村振兴等战略的实施为广大民族区域乡村聚落的保护与发展带来新的挑战。以重庆市少数民族区域(四县一区)为研究对象,利用ArcGIS空间分析工具,通过景观指数分析、空间结构分析以及实地走访调研定量分析在1980-2018年间该区域乡村聚落时空演变特征;以石柱土家族自治县为代表,对影响乡村聚落演变的因素进行分析;在生态安全格局的基础上进行聚落景观格局优化研究。结果显示:(1)1980-2018年间,重庆市少数民族区域乡村聚落斑块数量和斑块总面积不断增长,斑块密度呈下降趋势,聚落整体空间分布格局更趋于分散。(2)重庆市少数民族区域乡村聚落形态属于聚集型,聚集态势十分显著,且随着时间演变该研究区局部地区乡村聚落的分布更加紧密。(3)重庆市少数民族区域乡村聚落核密度值较为稳定,聚落形态主要以团状和条带状为主。(4)乡村聚落集中分布在道路沿线和交通枢纽处、坡度小于25°的低山地貌区、距离河流1 km缓冲区内以及距离耕地100 m缓冲区内;人口、经济、传统文化和国家政策支持也是聚落演变的基础。(5)在研究区生态安全保护格局的基础上,划分为4种聚落景观优化类型。深入探讨重庆市少数民族区域乡村聚落时空演变特征及其影响因子,为促进乡村振兴、建设美丽乡村、脱贫致富以及维护社会稳定提供理论依据。

The implementation of the new urbanization,poverty alleviation and rural revitalization strategies has brought new challenges to the protection and development of rural settlements in the vast ethnic minority areas.Using the ethnic minority area of Chongqing(four counties and one district),ArcGIS spatial analysis tools were used to analyze the spatial and temporal evolution of rural settlements from 1980 to 2018,analyze the factors affecting the evolution of rural settlements,and optimize the settlement landscape pattern on the basis of ecological security pattern.The results showed that:(1)from 1980 to 2018,the number of settlement patches and the total area of patches in rural minority areas in Chongqing increased,the plaque density decreased,and the overall spatial distribution pattern of settlements became more scattered.(2)The rural settlement form in ethnic minority areas in Chongqing was aggregation,and the aggregation trend was very significant,and the distribution of rural settlements in some areas of the research area evolved over time.(3)The core density value of rural colonies in ethnic minority areas in Chongqing was relatively stable,and the colony form was mainly mass and strip.(4)Rural settlements were distributed along roads and transportation hubs,low mountain landform area with slope less than 25°,1 km from river and 100 m from cultivated land;population,economic,traditional culture and national policy support were also the basis of settlement evolution.(5)On the basis of the ecological safety protection pattern in the research area,it was divided into four settlement landscape optimization types.It explores the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of rural minority settlements in Chongqing to provide a theoretical basis for promoting rural revitalization,building a beautiful countryside,poverty alleviation and prosperity,and maintaining social stability.