大学新生心理健康的异质性及相关影响因素——基于浙江某高校调查问卷数据实证分析

Heterogeneity of psychological health among college freshmen and related influencing factors——Empirical analysis based on questionnaire of a university in Zhejiang

为探明大学新生心理健康的异质性,分析大学新生家庭特征感知、人口统计学变量与心理健康的关系,通过方便抽样的方法对浙江某高校的2 552名新生开展关于心理健康状况和家庭特征感知的调查。采用Mplus 8.3软件对大学新生心理健康进行潜在剖面分析,得出心理健康组、心理困扰组及心理风险组3种潜在类型,并使用SPSS25.0进行多元Logistic回归分析和方差分析。研究结果表明,大学新生心理健康水平存在明显的异质性,大学新生心理健康水平与家庭结构和家庭关系状况密切相关。提示高校和教育工作者需建立个性化的心理健康评估与干预体系,加强与新生家庭的沟通,在新生入学教育中融入心理健康教育,并定期评估相关干预措施,以促进大学新生的心理适应能力和个人成长。

In order to explore the heterogeneity of psychological health among college freshmen and analyze the relationship between the perception of family characteristics,demographic variables and psychological health,this paper conducted a survey on the psychological health status and perception of family characteristics of 2552 college freshmen in Zhejiang province by using convenient sampling method.It uses Mplus 8.3 software to conduct a potential profile analysis on the psychological health of college freshmen,identifying three potential types:mental health group,psychological distress group,and psychological risk group,and conducts multiple logistic regression analysis and analysis of variance by using SPSS 25.0.The results show that there is significant heterogeneity in the mental health level of college freshmen,and the mental health level of college freshmen is closely related to family structure and family relationship status.It is suggested that universities and educators should establish personalized psychological health evaluation and intervention system,strengthen communication with freshmen families,integrate psychological health education into freshmen entrance education,and regularly evaluate relevant intervention measures to promote the psychological adaptability and personal growth of freshmen.