应对人口老龄化社会的养老机构空间均衡识别

IDENTIFICATION OF SPATIAL EQUITY OF ELDERLY CARE INSTITUTIONS IN RESPONSE TO AN AGING POPULATION

精准识别养老服务机构的空间均衡性是国土空间规划开展养老资源优化配置和应对老龄化社会的重要前提。本文通过改进两步移动搜索法,纳入经营性质和规模等级因子,分析广州市各街道的养老服务机构空间可达性差异,并从均衡性视角进行评价。结果表明:(1)广州市各街道养老服务机构的可达性分布不均,整体呈现出圈层式分布且存在较大城乡差异;(2)民办养老服务机构的可达性及均衡性优于公办养老服务机构,而特大型养老服务机构的可达性及均衡性优于其他等级;(3)未来可优先考虑改善高需低供区域的可达性,进而优化养老服务机构的空间配置。相较于规划中常用的比例模型法,改进两步移动搜索法能更好测度空间均衡性,为养老服务机构的科学规划提供参考与建议。

Accurately identifying the spatial equity of elderly care institutions is an important prerequisite for territorial planning to optimize the allocation of elderly resources and address the challenges of an aging society.This study improves the two-step floating catchment area method by incorporating factors such as business nature and scale level to analyze the spatial accessibility disparities of elderly care institutions across different sub-districts in Guangzhou.The evaluation is conducted from an equity perspective.The results indicate that:(1)the distribution of elderly care institutions across different sub-districts in Guangzhou is uneven,showing a concentric pattern with significant urban-rural disparities.(2)Private elderly care institutions have better accessibility and equity than public ones,and large-scale institutions perform better in terms of accessibility and equity compared to others.(3)In the future,priority should be given to improving the accessibility in high-demand and low-supply areas,thus optimizing the spatial allocation of elderly care institutions.Compared to the commonly used proportional model in planning,the improved two-step floating catchment area method can better measure spatial equity,providing reference and suggestions for the scientific planning of elderly care institutions.