黑水虻养殖虫料分离方法及设备的研究进展

Research progress on the separation methods and equipment of breeding larvae and materials for the black soldier fly

黑水虻(Hermetia illucens L.)是一种资源昆虫,其幼虫可将有机废弃物转化成高价值饲料蛋白,常被用于处理畜禽粪便、厨余垃圾等,同时也可杀灭废弃物中的致病菌,阻止其在食物链中传播,黑水虻这些特性为有机废弃物高效无害化处理和高值资源化转化提供了新方向。目前,在黑水虻幼虫和养殖基料分离方面存在分离效率低、成本高、缺少自动化分离设备等问题,严重制约了黑水虻养殖产业的发展。笔者对目前国内外有关黑水虻虫粪分离方法(包括光照分离法、氧气分离法、饵料诱捕法、加热分离法、风机筛分法、机械振动筛分法、离心力筛分法、人工筛分法)及分离设备在实际生产中的应用现状进行了综述,探讨和分析了黑水虻幼虫分离收集过程中面临的主要问题、分离意义及未来研究方向,以期为我国大规模黑水虻养殖中的分离收集工艺技术改进和设备研制提供参考。

The black soldier fly(Hermetia illucens L.)is a kind of resource insect,whose larvae can convert organic waste into high-value feed protein,which is often used to treat livestock manure and kitchen waste.It can also kill pathogenic bacteria in waste and prevent their spread through the food chain.These characteristics provide a new direction for the efficient and harmless treatment of organic waste and the conversion of high value resources.At present,problems such as low efficiency,high cost and lack of automatic separation equipment exist in the separation of black soldier fly larvae and breeding substrate,which seriously restricts the development of black soldier fly breeding industry.In this paper,the current application status of separation methods(including light separation,bait trapping,oxygen separation,heating separation,mechanical separation,centrifugal force screening)and separation equipment in the actual production of black soldier fly feces were reviewed;the main problems,the separation significance and future research direction faced in the separation and collection process of black soldier fly larvae were discussed,in order to provide reference for the improvement of separation and collection technology and equipment development of large-scale black soldier fly culture in China.