棕榈脂肪粉对杂交泌乳水牛泌乳性能、瘤胃发酵及血清生化指标的影响

Effects of palm fat powder on lactation performance,rumen fermentation indexes and serum biochemical indexes of hybrid lactating buffalo

为了解棕榈脂肪粉对德宏杂交泌乳水牛泌乳性能、瘤胃发酵及血清生化指标的影响,试验将10头产犊时间和产奶量相近且健康的3胎次德宏杂交泌乳水牛随机分为A、B两组,每组5头。A组每天饲喂精料5 kg/头+鲜王草7 kg/头+自由采食玉米秸秆青贮,B组在A组基础上于精料中添加2.6%棕榈脂肪粉,预试期10 d,正试期30 d。试验结束后计算总产奶量和日均产奶量;于试验第1,15,30天采集乳样,检测乳营养成分含量和乳中脂肪酸含量;于试验最后1天晨饲前,每头牛用胃管式瘤胃液采样器经口采集瘤胃液,检测挥发性脂肪酸、氨态氮含量及pH值;采集血液,分离血清,用试剂盒测定血清生化指标。结果表明:B组总产奶量、日均产奶量、4%标准乳产量(FCM)及乳蛋白和乳脂肪产量显著高于A组(P<0.05),两组乳营养成分含量均差异不显著(P>0.05)。乳脂肪酸中总饱和脂肪酸、总多不饱和脂肪酸、二十二碳五烯酸、二十碳五烯酸、花生四烯酸、反亚油酸、α-亚麻酸、γ-亚麻酸、硬脂酸、棕榈油酸、棕榈酸含量及总多不饱和脂肪酸/总饱和脂肪酸均显著高于A组(P<0.05);B组试验牛瘤胃液乙酸含量显著高于A组(P<0.05),丙酸、异丁酸、丁酸含量显著低于A组(P<0.05),氨态氮、异戊酸、戊酸、己酸、总挥发性脂肪酸浓度及pH值、乙酸/丙酸均差异不显著(P>0.05);B组试验牛血清中的总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)浓度显著高于A组(P<0.05),钙(Ga)、磷(P)、尿素氮(BUN)浓度显著低于A组(P<0.05),三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、胰岛素(INS)均差异不显著(P>0.05)。说明在日粮中添加2.6%棕榈脂肪粉可以提高德宏杂交泌乳水牛的泌乳性能和瘤胃发酵水平,改善血清生化指标。

In order to study the effects of palm fat powder on lactation performance,rumen fermentation indexes and serum biochemical indexes of Dehong hybrid lactating buffalo,ten healthy Dehong hybrid buffalo with similar calving time and milk yield were randomly divided into groups A and B,with 5 buffalo in each group.The animals in group A were fed concentrate 5 kg/head+fresh king grass 7 kg/head+free feed corn stalk silage per day,and the animals in the group B were fed the concentrate of group A+2.6%palm fat powder.The pre-feeding period was 10 days,and the normal feeding period was 30 days.The total milk yield and daily milk yield were calculated at the end of the experiment.Milk samples were collected for the determination of milk nutrient content and fatty acid content in milk at day 1,15 and 30 of the experiment.Before morning feeding on the last day of the experiment,rumen fluid of each cow was collected orally with a gastric tube sampler to detect volatile fatty acids,ammonium nitrogen content and pH value.Blood was collected and serum was separated for the determination of serum biochemical indexes with a kit.The results showed that the milk yield,average daily milk yield,4%FCM,and milk protein and milk fat yield of cattle in group B were significantly higher than those in group A(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference in milk composition between the two groups(P>0.05).The contents of total saturated fatty acids,polyunsaturated fatty acids,docosapentaenoic acid,eicosapentaenoic acid,arachidonic acid,translinoleic acid,α-linolenic acid,γ-linolenic acid,stearic acid,palmitic acid,and total polyunsturated fatty acids/total saturated fatty acids in milk fatty acids in group B were significantly higher than those in group A(P<0.05).The acetic acid content of rumen fluid in group B was significantly higher than that in group A(P<0.05).The contents of propionic acid,isobutyric acid and butyric acid were significantly lower than those in group A(P<0.05),and there were no significant differences in the contents of ammonia nitrogen,isovaleric acid,valeric acid,caproic acid and total volatile fatty acid,the pH value and acetic acid/propionic acid between the two groups(P>0.05).Serum total cholesterol(TC)and high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)in group B were significantly higher than those in group A(P<0.05).Calcium(Ga),phosphorus(P)and urea nitrogen(BUN)were significantly lower than those in group A(P<0.05).There were no significant differences in triacylglycerol(TG),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)and insulin(INS)between the two groups(P>0.05).The results indicated that supplementation of 2.6%palm fat powder could improve lactation performance and rumen fermentation level of Dehong hybrid lactating buffalo,and had positive effects on serum biochemical indexes.