粤港澳大湾区道路基础设施对生态网络的影响

Impact of road infrastructure on ecological networks in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area,China

道路基础设施的建设导致野生动物栖息地生境退化,以及生态网络连通性和稳定性降低等问题。研究道路基础设施对野生动物生活和迁徙的影响,对区域野生动物保护和生态网络优化具有重要意义。本研究基于野生动物的出现点位数据,利用MaxEnt模型评估粤港澳大湾区道路基础设施对生境适宜性的影响,采用最小累计阻力模型构建生态网络并识别生态断裂点,同时,使用景观连通性指数与图论指数对比不同情景的生态网络连通性。结果表明:研究区内部的铁路和高速公路对生境适宜性产生显著影响,造成野生动物栖息地适宜性降低;受道路基础设施的影响,生态源地破碎化加剧,生态廊道的通行阻力增加,生态网络的连通性和稳定性明显下降;共识别生态断裂点536处,集中分布于生态源地附近。研究结果可为粤港澳大湾区野生动物栖息地保护和生态网络连通性修复提供重要的科学参考。

The construction of road infrastructure has resulted in the degradation of wildlife habitat and the decrease of ecological network connectivity and stability.Studying the impacts of road infrastructure on wildlife life and migration is significant for regional wildlife conservation and ecological network optimization.We assessed the impacts of road infrastructure on habitat suitability using the MaxEnt model based on wildlife occurrence point data in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.We constructed the ecological networks and identified ecological breakpoints using the minimum cumulative resistance model,and compared the ecological network connectivity of different scenarios with the landscape connectivity index and graph theory index.The results showed that railway and motorway significantly affected habitat suitability,causing a decrease in wildlife habitat suitability.Affected by road infrastructure,the fragmentation of ecological sources intensified,the resistance of ecological corridors increased,and the ecological network connectivity and stability significantly decreased.A total of 536 ecological breakpoints were identified,which were concentrated in the area adjacent to ecological sources.The results would provide important scientific references for wildlife habitat conservation and ecological restoration in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.