小分子药物治疗骨关节炎的热点问题及应用前景

Hot issues and application prospects of small molecule drugs in treatment of osteoarthritis

背景:骨关节炎的病理生理过程中存在多种蛋白、信号通路及炎症递质等的参与,开发针对这些蛋白、信号通路及炎症递质等的小分子药物,可有效延缓骨关节炎的进展并改善其临床表现。目的:基于骨关节炎的发病机制,对小分子药物治疗骨关节炎的研究进展作一综述。方法:检索PubMed、中国知网和万方数据库,英文检索词为“osteoarthritis,arthritis,osteoarthrosis,degenerative,arthritides,deformans,small molecule drugs,small molecule inhibitors,small molecule agents”,中文检索词为“骨关节炎,小分子药物,小分子抑制剂”,按纳入和排除标准共纳入68篇文献进行总结。结果与结论:①目前对于骨关节炎发病机制的研究尚不明确,骨关节炎的发生发展与蛋白质、细胞因子及信号转导通路的关系较为密切,因此其治疗机制较为复杂,当前通过小分子药物靶向骨关节炎相关的蛋白质、细胞因子及信号转导通路成为一大研究热点。②小分子药物通常具有明确的细胞内或细胞外靶点和疗效,包括增强软骨修复、抑制关节退化、减轻炎症和缓解疼痛,另外一些抗骨关节炎的小分子药物在促进干细胞软骨分化和软骨基质重建方面显示出前景。③目前对于小分子药物靶向骨关节炎的病理生理过程从而延缓骨关节炎的进展,还处于实验性阶段,但这些小分子药物在实验过程中大部分都表现出预期的结果,目前并无相关研究说明小分子药物治疗骨关节炎的疗效。④小分子药物治疗骨关节炎在基础实验阶段已经达到了预期的实验结果,大量研究表明,小分子药物可以靶向抑制引起骨关节炎的特定蛋白质、细胞因子及信号转导通路,从而治疗骨关节炎,但其安全性和有效性等问题还需要进一步的基础和临床研究进行验证,这一过程需要更多的学者进行探索和研究。⑤目前国内外有许多学者针对骨关节炎的治疗做出了贡献,比起传统治疗方式而言,小分子药物在基础实验阶段表现出更好的疗效和安全性,有望成为未来骨关节炎治疗的新兴方法,为骨关节炎患者摆脱痛苦。

BACKGROUND:Various proteins,signaling pathways,and inflammatory mediators are involved in the pathophysiological process of osteoarthritis.The development of small molecule drugs targeting these proteins,signaling pathways,and inflammatory mediators can effectively delay the progression of osteoarthritis and ameliorate its clinical manifestations.OBJECTIVE:To review the research progress of small molecule drugs in the treatment of osteoarthritis based on the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis.METHODS:PubMed,CNKI,and WanFang databases were searched with English search terms“osteoarthritis,arthritis,osteoarthrosis,degenerative,arthritides,deformans,small molecule drugs,small molecule inhibitors,small molecule agents”and Chinese search terms“osteoarthritis,small molecule drugs,small molecule inhibitors.”A total of 68 articles were included for review according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Currently,studies concerning the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis remain unclear.The occurrence and development of osteoarthritis are strongly associated with proteins,cytokines,and signal transduction pathways,so its therapeutic mechanism is relatively complex.Currently,targeting proteins,cytokines,and signal transduction pathways related to osteoarthritis with small molecule drugs has become a major research focus.(2)Small molecule drugs frequently possess visible intracellular or extracellular targets and efficacy,containing enhancing cartilage repair,resisting joint degradation,attenuating inflammation,and relieving pain.Other anti-osteoarthritis small molecule drugs have shown promise in promoting stem cell chondrogenic differentiation and cartilage matrix reconstruction.(3)At present,small molecule drugs targeting the pathophysiological process of osteoarthritis to delay the progression of osteoarthritis are still in the experimental stage,but most of these small molecule drugs have shown the expected results in the experimental process,and there are no relevant studies to illustrate the efficacy of small molecule drugs in the treatment of osteoarthritis.(4)Small molecule drugs for the treatment of osteoarthritis have reached the expected experimental results in the basic experimental stage.Numerous studies have exhibited that small molecule drugs can target the suppression of specific proteins,cytokines,and signal transduction pathways that cause osteoarthritis,so as to treat osteoarthritis.Nevertheless,its safety and effectiveness still need to be identified by further basic and clinical studies.This process needs to be investigated and studied by more scholars.(5)At present,many scholars in and outside China have made contributions to the treatment of osteoarthritis.Compared with traditional treatment methods,small molecule drugs reveal better efficacy and safety in the basic experimental stage,and it is expected to become an emerging method for the treatment of osteoarthritis in the future to rid patients of pain.