使用支撑面预防压力性损伤的证据总结

Summary of best evidence on using support surfaces to prevent pressure injuries

目的通过系统的检索、评价及总结长期卧床患者支撑面使用的相关证据,为临床长期卧床患者体位管理提供依据。方法按照自上而下的原则在国内外数据库中检索关于使用支撑面预防压力性损伤的文献,文献类型包括临床决策、最佳实践、指南、专家共识、系统评价、证据总结等,检索时间为建库至2023年7月20日。结果纳入13篇文献,其中临床决策2篇、指南4篇、系统评价5篇、证据总结2篇。最终从患者评估、支撑面选择、支撑面摆放、注意事项4个方面汇总了30条最佳证据。结论该研究总结了对于不同患者,各功能、材质、形状及表面覆盖物的支撑面使用策略,建议临床护理人员熟知各类型支撑面的功能及用法,通过评估给予不同患者相应支撑面及摆放位置,从而有效预防压力性损伤的发生,提升患者舒适度。

Objective To systematically search,evaluate,and summarize the relevant evidence of the use of support surface in long-term bedridden patients,so as to provide the basis for the clinical position management of long-term bedridden patients.Methods Clinical decisions,best practices,guidelines,expert consensus,systematic review and evidence summary were searched from domestic and foreign databases and websites according to literature quality assessment.The search period was up to July 20,2023.Results A total of 13 literatures were included,including two clinical decisions,four guidelines,five systematic reviews and two best evidence summaries.Finally,30 pieces of evidence were summarized into four aspects:patient evaluation,support surface selection,support surface placement and precautions.Conclusion This article summarized the prevention and treatment effects of supports with different functions,materials,shapes and surface coverings on stress injuries,and suggested that clinical nurses should be familiar with the functions and usage of various types of support surfaces,and evaluate the selection and placement of corresponding support surfaces for different patients,so as to effectively prevent the occurrence of stress injuries and improve patient comfort.