人为管控下典型城市空气质量及经济指标特征

Air Quality and Industrial Characteristics of Typical Cities During Control Period in China

为探讨中国典型城市在极端人为源管控条件下空气质量和产业特征,文章分析了2018-2020年1-5月武汉、北京、上海、广州、西安、成都和拉萨等7个城市空气质量及产业发展指标;同比了极端人为管控期大气污染物浓度及经济产业指标变化特征。结果表明:受极端人为管控影响,管控期各污染物浓度同比、环比均出现显著降低,其中NO_(2)浓度环比下降幅度最大,约为50%,其次是PM_(2.5)和PM_(10),百分比为30%~40%。但O_(3)浓度总体呈现上升趋势,未来需进一步采取措施,加强PM_(2.5)和O_(3)协同控制,推动城市空气质量持续改善。各城市不同管控力度对大气污染浓度变化有显著影响。此外,对比了2020年第一和第二季度3类产业发展状况,北京、广州、西安和成都均为第一产业产值恢复速度较快,第三产业增长率最慢为10%;同比3类产业表明管控措施对第二产业影响较大。

The research was conducted in seven cities,including Wuhan,Beijing,Shanghai,Guangzhou,Xi’an,Chengdu,and Lhasa.The variations of several pollutants were investigated from January to May 2020,the air quality was discussed among the three periods,including the epidemic prevention and control period,before and after the epidemic prevention and control period.Basing on the indicators of economic development,the interannual variations of the industrial characteristics were explored for the period from 2018 to 2019.The results show that the concentrations of major pollutants decreased significantly during the period of epidemic prevention and control year on year.During the period of epidemic prevention and control,the concentrations of NO_(2) decreased the most with around 50%in different cities,followed by PM_(2.5) and PM10 with the percentages of 30%~40%.The concentrations of O_(3) showed increasing trends.The development of primary industry recovered faster in Beijing,Guangzhou,Xi’an,and Chengdu in the first and second quarters of 2020.While the growth rate of the tertiary industry in these cities was the slowest with the percentage of 10%.