美日欧产业链安全保障机制的逻辑解构与比较分析

Logic Behind Industrial Supply Chain Securitization:A Comparative Study of the United States,Japan,and Europe

国际局势急剧变化导致全球产业链重构,以美日欧为代表的发达国家出台了一系列产业链安全保障措施,显著影响国际分工体系。以“指导思想—政策工具”为分析框架,可以相对全面而有效地解构其产业链安全保障机制的逻辑。在指导思想方面,美国旨在追求“美国优先”的绝对安全与霸权地位,日本总体继续坚持“综合安全保障”的理念,欧洲国家则主要强调“战略自主”。政策工具设计分三个层面实施:在国家层面,美日欧都强调重塑制造业生产能力,但侧重领域不同;在区域层面,美日欧更强调近岸外包与友岸外包并行,并辅之以基础设施投资合作;在全球层面,构建高标准国际经贸规则和强化国际技术标准制定权是其关键诉求。展望未来,一定时期内美日欧的产业链安全保障机制的实施将对中国产业链安全造成较大挑战,以区域合作为关键机制的多链并行或将成为重要趋势。

The rapid changes in the international landscape have led to the restructuring of the global industrial supply chain.Developed countries,represented by the United States,Japan,and European countries,have introduced a series of security measures that significantly impact the international division of labor.Using the analytical framework of“guiding ideology-policy tools,”the logic of their supply chain security mechanisms can be comprehensively and effectively deconstructed.In terms of guiding ideology,the United States aims to pursue absolute security and maintain its hegemonic status under the“America First”policy.Japan generally continues to uphold the concept of“comprehensive security”strategy,while Europe primarily emphasizes“strategic autonomy.”The design of policy instruments is implemented on three levels.At the national level,all three economies emphasize the reshaping of manufacturing production capacity,but each focuses on different sectors;at the regional level,near-shoring and friend-shoring strategies are pursued in parallel,supported by infrastructure investment and cooperation;and at the global level,the construction of high-standard international trade and economic rules and the strengthening of the ability to set international technological standards are key objectives.Looking ahead,the implementation of supply chain security mechanisms by the United States,Japan,and Europe will pose significant challenges to China’s industrial chain security.Regional cooperation,as a key mechanism,may lead to the trend of multi-chain parallelism which is becoming increasingly important.