从“茶马贸易”到“茶马古道”:对一个当代中国原创学术概念的考察

From"Tea-horse Trade"to"the Ancient Tea Horse Trail":An Exploration of the Original Academic Concept in Contemporary China

1990年,木霁弘等当代学者在继承茶马贸易的历史内核、挖掘地方风俗和史料的基础上,在“丝绸之路”“南方丝绸之路”等概念的刺激和启发下,本着学术自觉的意识,提出了“茶马古道”学术概念。这一中国内生的原创性学术概念是对原有“茶马贸易”或“茶马互市”概念的革命,主要体现在概念涵盖的时间和空间范围的扩大、所涉学科和研究视域的拓展、研究议题从国内民族问题到国际性议题的延伸、从单一的学术价值向多维价值的迁移以及从历史文献研究到文化遗产研究的转向等五个方面。“茶马古道”概念具有国际学术影响力,是中国当代学者学术创造能力的体现,具有中国特色、中国风格、中国气派,是构建中国特色哲学社会科学学科体系、学术体系、话语体系的典型例证。但在学术话语转型中,该概念存在语义场过于丰富和多元、地方本位主义和学术边缘化以及强势话语遮蔽所带来的失语等问题。

On the basis of inheriting the historical core of tea-horse trade,exploring local customs and historical materials and inspired by the concepts of"the Silk Road"and"the Southern Silk Road",contemporary scholars such as Mu Jihong proposed the academic concept of"the Ancient Tea Horse Trail"in 1990s with the academic self-consciousness.This original Chinese academic concept is a revolution to the original concept of"tea-horse trade"or"tea-horse mutual trade".It is mainly reflected in the expansion of the scope of time and space covered by the concept,the great broadening of the disciplines and research horizons involved,the extension of research topics from domestic ethnic issues to international issues,the transition of single academic value to multi-dimensional value,and the transformation from historical document research to cultural heritage research.The concept of"the ancient tea horse trail"is of international academic influence with Chinese characteristics,Chinese style and Chinese aura,and reflects the academic creativity of contemporary Chinese scholars,,which is a typical example of developing Chinese systems for fields of study,academia,and discourse in philosophy and the social sciences.However,during the transformation of academic discourse,this concept is confronted with some challenges such as"aphasia",due to over-ambiguous conceptual semantic field,local departmentalism,academic marginalization,and overshadowing strong discourse.