经济发达地区城市生态补偿模式研究——以深圳市为例

Research on the Model of Urban Ecological Compensation in Economically Developed Areas:A Case Study of Shenzhen City

生态补偿被认为是一种能解决城市生态保护与经济发展之间问题的有效方案。当前我国已开展大量生态补偿研究与实践,但仍存在补偿标准不统一、补偿方式单一、激励机制不够等问题。鉴于此,论文进行了以下研究:(1)界定了深圳市生态补偿范围,将135个生态功能区面积占比超过全市平均值的社区划定为生态补偿范围。(2)广泛开展原村民生态补偿诉求调研,发现经济因素不是影响原村民参与生态补偿的绝对因素。(3)设计了一种综合考虑生态环境保护成本、生态系统服务价值和地方经济实际的生态补偿标准核算方法,经核算2022年深圳市生态补偿金额建议值为21.71亿元。(4)提出了基于信托基金管理模式下的“共享型+激励性”生态补偿方式,明确了生态补偿资金分配额度和计算方式。(5)编制了政府和原村民两套生态补偿绩效评估指标体系,为后续开展绩效评估提供依据;构建了一套包括补偿范围、补偿标准、补偿方式和绩效评估等四要素齐全的生态补偿模式,为科学推进经济发达地区城市生态补偿工作提供借鉴。

Ecological compensation is an effective solution to the problem between urban ecological protection and economic development.Currently,China has conducted a lot of research and practice on ecological compensation,but there are still problems such as ununified compensation standard,single compensation method,and insufficient incentive mechanism.In view of this,the paper carried out the following research:(1)The ecological compensation scope of Shenzhen was defined,and the 135 communities whose ecological functional areas accounted for more than the average of the whole city were designated as the ecological compensation scope.(2)Extensive research was conducted on the ecological compensation demands of original villagers,and it found that economic factors were not the absolute factors affecting their participation in ecological compensation.(3)A standard accounting method of ecological compensation was designed,which considers the cost of ecological environment protection,the value of ecosystem services and the actual local economy.According to the calculation,the proposed value of ecological compensation in Shenzhen in 2022 is 2.17 billion yuan.(4)The“shared+incentivized”ecological compensation method based on the trust fund management mode was proposed,and the allocation amount and calculation method of ecological compensation funds were clarified.(5)Two sets of ecological compensation performance evaluation index systems for the government and the original villagers were prepared,which provides a basis for the follow-up performance evaluation.A set of ecological compensation model included compensation scope,compensation standard,compensation method and performance evaluation was set up to provide reference for scientific promotion of urban ecological compensation in economically developed areas.