基于法向等距法的刀具半径补偿算法及加工应用

Tool Radius Compensation Algorithm and Processing Application Based on Normal Equidistant Method

刀具补偿技术是根据零件轮廓和预先设定的偏置参数获得铣削程序,在提高编程效率和机床制造精度的同时避免了过切现象。为解决SIEMENS系统在实际加工中采用展成法(X-C插补)加工涡旋盘时无法直接添加刀具半径补偿指令的问题,针对软件获取刀补点方法存在步距大、精度低、通用性差等缺点,提出一种基于法向等距法的刀具半径补偿算法。计算涡旋盘刀具补偿点位置坐标,并对涡旋盘外壁曲线刀补点坐标进行参数化编程。利用NX软件生成刀路轨迹,对整个涡旋型线进行程序仿真,轨迹一致且程序无误,最后在涡旋铣专机上进行了粗、精加工实际验证。结果显示,轨迹满足加工要求,表明本文提出的算法所计算的刀补点可以实现涡旋盘曲线加工,验证了算法的合理可行性,有效解决了生产实际难题,也为其他采用展成法无法直接增加刀补指令的参数化编程提供了有效的方案。

Tool radius compensation algorithm is based on normal equidistant method and its application in machining research tool compensation technology enables programmers to obtain milling programs based on part contours and preset offset parameters,improving programming efficiency and machine manufacturing accuracy while avoiding overfitting.In order to solve the problem of not being able to directly add tool radius compensation instructions when the SIEMENS system uses the generation method(X-C interpolation)to process scroll discs in actual machining,a tool radius compensation algorithm based on the normal equidistant method is proposed by analyzing the drawbacks of using software to obtain tool compensation points,such as large step,low accuracy,and poor universality.Calculate the position coordinates of the compensation point for the scroll disc tool,and parameterize the coordinates of the compensation point for the outer wall curve of the scroll disc tool.Using NX to generate tool path trajectories,program simulations are conducted on the entire vortex profile,and the trajectories are consistent and program error free.Rough and precision machining are verified on a vortex milling machine,and the results show that the trajectories meet the machining requirements,indicating that the tool compensation points calculated by the algorithm proposed in this paper can achieve vortex disc curve machining,verifying the rationality and feasibility of the algorithm,and effectively solving practical production problems.An effective solution for parameterized programming is proposed,which cannot directly add tool compensation instructions by the generative method.