禽腺病毒载体疫苗研究进展

Advances in Avian Adenovirus Vector Vaccines

禽腺病毒(FAdV)是危害家禽养殖业的重要病原之一,具有高致病性和传染性。近年来,随着基因工程技术的发展,已研发出许多新型疫苗,其中病毒载体疫苗因具有用量少、成本低等独特的优势以及广阔的应用前景,成为当今与未来疫苗研发的重要方向。腺病毒具有结构简单、宿主范围广泛、外源基因容载量大、易进行遗传操作、易转染等特点而被广泛用作疫苗载体。其中FAdV基因组比哺乳动物腺病毒大10 kb左右,且具有更大的外源DNA容载量,因此对FAdV载体的深入研究将对禽类疫病预防起到重要作用。本文综述了FAdV的病原特点以及国内外FAdV载体研究现状,以期为进一步研发FAdV载体疫苗提供理论基础。

Fowl adenovirus(FAdV)is one of the most important pathogens with high pathogenicity and infectivity,endangering poultry industry.In recent years,with the development of genetic engineering technology,many new types of vaccines have been developed,in which viral vector vaccines,with their unique advantages of low dosage and low cost as well as wide application prospect,could be used as an orientation to future development of vaccines.FAdV is widely used as a vaccine vector because of its characteristics of simple structure,wide range of hosts,large carrying capacity of exogenous gene,accessibility to genetic editing and easy transfection.Compared to mammalian adenoviruses,FAdV genome is about 10 kb with a larger exogenous DNA capacity,indicating an important role of in-depth research on FAdV vectors in the prevention of avian diseases.In the paper,the pathogenic characteristics of FAdV and global researches on FAdV vectors were reviewed,expecting to provide a theoretical basis for further development of FAdV vector vaccines.