乡村旅游促进民族地区返乡女性高质量就业的现实困境与政策思考

Enhancing High-Quality Employment Opportunities through Rural Tourism for Returned Migrant Women in Ethnic Minority Regions:Challenges and Policy Suggestions

随着城乡一体化的推进,农村人口返乡回流正逐渐成为一种新趋势,而女性则占据了返乡劳动力的半壁江山。探索民族地区返乡女性高质量就业是关乎民族地区社会稳定、民族团结以及巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果的大事和要事。本文从个人与家庭禀赋角度、家庭分工角度、传统乡村经济形态角度三个角度看,民族地区返乡女性在就业过程中,受语言习俗、传统文化、社会规范等因素影响,面临着受教育水平低、职业-家庭角色冲突、高质量就业岗位供应不足等问题。分析表明,乡村旅游在促进民族地区返乡女性就业方面具有将生活技能职业化、就业地点在地化、就业形式多样化、就业时间灵活化的优势,为实现民族地区返乡女性高质量就业提供了可靠的路径选择和现实条件。同时,民族地区返乡女性感知视角下的高质量就业包括就业环境舒适性、就业收入多元性、就业技能适配性、职业发展成长性、社会角色统一性等内容。为此,乡村旅游促进民族地区返乡女性高质量就业需增加高质量就业机会、提升高质量就业能力、完善高质量就业保障、增强高质量就业黏性。

With the acceleration of urban-rural integration in China,the return of rural residents to their hometowns is gradually becoming a new trend,with women accounting for half of this returning labor force according to census data.Dealing with the localization and attainment of high-quality employment for the returned migrant women workers should hold implications for gender equity,social security in employment in ethnic minority areas,and the stabilization of migration patterns in these areas.Furthermore,it may contribute to the protection and activation of ethnic culture,which has shown to be related to economic development and social stability in ethnic minority areas.At present,there is limited research on how to achieve high-quality employment for returned migrant female workers in ethnic areas in China,so obviously it is seen as greatly significant to further clarify the path to realize this goal.This paper holds that,from the perspectives of personal and family circumstances,family division of labor,and traditional rural economic patterns,returned migrant women workers in ethnic minority areas have been facing practical difficulties such as low levels of education,conflicts between professional and family roles,and a shortage of high-quality job opportunities.Findings further revealed that these challenges have been influenced by language customs,traditional culture,social norms,and other issues.The analysis also shows that rural tourism has been able to help address some of these challenges by providing opportunities to develop life skills,localizing employment locations,diversifying employment forms,and offering flexible working hours.Rural tourism has demonstrated to help promoting the employment of returned migrant women in ethnic arears,providing reliable pathways and realistic conditions for the realization of high-quality employment for returned migrant women in ethnic regions.Through in-depth interviews with 18 ethnic minority women who returned to their hometowns and secured employment in the rural tourism industry in Baoxing County,Ya an City,this paper empirically analyzes the cases of promoting high-quality employment opportunities for returned migrant women through rural tourism development in ethnic areas,and constructs a path map of how rural tourism affects the high-quality employment of these women.Results reveal that the returned migrant women in ethnic areas perceive high-quality employment differently from urban employees or knowledge workers in enterprises,emphasizing factors such as the comfort of the work environment,the diversity of income sources,the adaptability of job skills,career development opportunities,and social role integration.This indicates the particularity of economic structure in ethnic areas and the particularity of demands of returned migrant women in ethnic areas in the field of quality of work and life.Based on this information,this study proposes several strategies to achieve high-quality employment for returned migrant women through rural tourism.They include increasing opportunities for high-quality employment,enhancing employability,improving employment security,and making employment in rural tourism more attractive.