不同品种草莓花器与花粉特征变异及SSR遗传多样性研究

Study on the Variation of Floral Organ,Pollen and SSR Genetic Diversity of Different Strawberry Cultivars

草莓花器特征和花粉形态在品种之间存在一定的差异,这些差异对草莓品种的分类具有指导意义。为研究南方地区主栽的10个草莓品种花器、花粉及其与品种分类的关系,对其花部特征、花粉形态进行比较,并对13个花粉和花器性状进行相关性和主成分分析,同时进行了品种间简单重复序列(SSR)标记遗传多样性分析。花器特征显示,甜查理的花瓣长、花瓣宽和花萼宽的特征值显著高于其他9个品种,其次是宁玉和妙香7号,红颊、红玉和越心的花瓣长、花瓣宽、花冠径则明显低于其他品种。红颊、白雪公主、妙香7号和宁玉在极轴长、花粉大小、花粉形状、萌发沟长等花粉特性上高于其他品种。主成分分析结果显示,4个主成分累积贡献率为85.96%,其中花瓣长、花瓣宽和花萼宽的大小特征在第1主成分中具有较大载荷值。SSR分析结果显示,10个草莓栽培品种间的相似系数范围为0.47~0.85,在相似系数0.65处10个草莓品种分为两大类,红颊、章姬、红玉、粉玉1号、越心、白雪公主6个品种聚为一类,甜查理、越秀、妙香7号、宁玉4个品种聚为一类。结合草莓花器特征、花粉特性及其主成分分析与SSR标记聚类结果和系谱情况,花粉形态特性在草莓品种之间的差异不明显,花器特征的花瓣长、花瓣宽、花萼宽适用于品种分类,对指导育种亲本选择有参考意义。

The morphological differences in floral organs and pollen among strawberry varieties are of significant importance for the classification of strawberry varieties.To study the floral organ,pollen,and their relationship with the classification of ten major strawberry varieties cultivated in the southern region,their floral characteristics and scanning electron microscopy of pollen were conducted.Additionally,correlation and principal component analysis were performed on 13 flower and pollen traits,along with the genetic diversity analysis using SSR markers among varieties.The characteristics of floral organs showed that Sweet Charlie exhibited significantly higher values in petal length,petal width and calyx width than other nine varieties,followed by Ningyu and Miaoxiang 7,while Benihoppe,Hongyu and Yuexin displayed significantly lower values for the petal length,petal width and corolla diameter than other varieties.In terms of pollen characteristics such as polar axis length,pollen size,pollen shape and aperture length,Benihoppe,Baixuegongzhu,Miaoxiang 7 and Ningyu were higher than other varieties.The results of principal component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the four principal components was 85.96%,and three floral organ size characteristics-petal length,petal width and calyx width-had a higher loading value in the first principal component.The results of SSR analysis showed that the similarity coefficient of 10 strawberry cultivars ranged from 0.47 to 0.85.At the similarity coefficient of 0.65,the 10 strawberry cultivars were divided into two categories.Benihoppe,Akihime,Hongyu,Fenyu1,Yuexin and Baixuegongzhu were clustered into one category,while Sweet Charlie,Yuexiu,Miaoxiang 7 and Ningyu were clustered into another category.The combination of strawberry floral organ characteristics,pollen characteristics,principal component analysis,SSR marker clustering results and pedigree information suggested that petal length,petal width and calyx width of floral characteristics can be used for variety classification,which is of significance for guiding the selection of breeding parents,while the morphological difference in pollen characteristics among strawberry varieties was less apparent.