生物熏蒸结合强还原土壤灭菌法对菊花生长及连作土壤的影响

Effects of Biofumigation Combined with Reductive Soil Disinfestation on Chrysanthemum Growth and Continuous Cropping Soil

为探讨生物熏蒸结合强还原土壤灭菌法(RSD)对菊花生长及连作土壤的改良效果,以南农冰洁为试验材料,以连作土壤为对照(CK),设置油菜生物熏蒸(R)、油菜生物熏蒸+水稻秸秆(R+RS)、油菜生物熏蒸+玉米秸秆(R+MS)和油菜生物熏蒸+麦麸(R+FS)4个土壤灭菌处理,测定不同处理菊花各生育期生长、开花、根系指标和各器官养分含量,以及土壤理化性质和微生物数量。结果表明,与对照相比,不同土壤灭菌处理后,菊花生长及花期植株各指标均显著提高,以R+FS处理菊花各项生长指标最大;各土壤灭菌处理均能促进根系生长,以R+FS处理效果最好。不同土壤灭菌处理能提高土壤质量,土壤铵态氮、速效磷、有效钾、有机质含量分别较对照增加102.59%~155.23%、31.49%~72.07%、31.50%~92.85%、38.32%~71.30%,土壤pH值下降0.09~0.37个单位;各处理对土壤EC值的影响不同,R+MS和R+FS处理后,土壤EC值分别从462μs·cm^(-1)下降至200和285μs·cm^(-1),R和R+RS处理分别增加至585和614μs·cm^(-1)。除苗期R+RS处理土壤真菌数量低于对照外,其余处理土壤细菌和真菌数量均显著增加(P<0.05),表现为细菌增加幅度大于真菌;不同土壤灭菌处理后,土壤尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)数量显著降低(P<0.05),R+FS处理对其影响最大,苗期和盛花期分别为4.12和3.87 lg copies·g^(-1)soil,较对照下降62.11%和53.46%。各土壤灭菌处理菊花枯萎病发病率均低于对照,其防治效果可达33.65%~55.70%。综上,生物熏蒸结合麦麸处理能够改善菊花连作土壤理化性状并增加土壤微生物数量及养分含量,降低土壤中尖孢镰刀菌数量,从而有效促进菊花生长及优质高产。本研究结果为菊花绿色高效栽培提供了技术支撑。

In order to study the effect of biological fumigation combined with reduction soil disinfestation(RSD)on the chrysanthemum morifolium growth and the continuous cropping soil character,the Nannong bingjie was used as material,experiment groups were setted as follow:continuous cropping soil(CK),biofumigation with rape(R),biofumigation with rape+rice straw(R+RS),biofumigation with rape+corn straw(R+MS)and biofumigation with rape+wheat bran(R+FS).The growth idexes of nutrient concentration of different organs of chrysanthemum in different growth stages,the soil physical and chemical properties and microbial quantity were measured.The results showed that,the growth indexes at full-bloom stage of chrysanthemum under different soil treatments were significantly higher than those under CK,and the growth indexes of R+FS showed the highest,all the treatments could promote the index of root growth and the R+FS showed the best.Compared with CK,different soil treatments could improve the soil ammonium nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium and organic matter,which increased 102.59%-155.23%,31.49%-72.07%,31.50%-92.85%and 38.32%-71.30%,respectively,and the soil pH decreased by 0.09-0.37 unit.Each treatment had different impact on soil EC,which decreased from 462μs·cm^(-1) to 200 and 285μs·cm-1 respectively in R+MS and R+FS,which increased to 585 and 614μs·cm-1 respectively in R and R+RS.Except the R+RS,the population of soil bacteria and fungi significant increased(P<0.05)in all other treatments,and the enhancement of bacteria had greater pace than that of fungi.In the R+RS,there show a significant decrease in the population of soil fungi at seedling stage compared with CK.The population of Fusarium oxysporum in the all treamtents significantly reduced,and R+FS showed the greatest effect on Fusarium oxysporum which were 4.12 and 3.87 lg copies·g^(-1) soil at the stages of seedling and full-bloom,which decreased by 62.11%and 53.46%,respectively,when compared with CK.In addition,the incidence of Fusarium wilt of chrysanthemum in each treatment was lower than that in CK,and the control effect reached to 33.65%and 55.70%,respectively.In conclusion,biofumigation combined with RSD could promoted chrysanthemum growth and quality by improving physical and chemical properties of continuous cropping soil,increasing the quatity of microorganisms and the content of nutrient in the soil,and reducing the population of Fusarium oxysporum.The results of this study provide a technical support to highly effective and green cultivation of chrysanthemum.