商标平行进口的不正当竞争规制纾困

Regulation Relief for Unfair Competition in Trademark Parallel Imports

如何在法律规定不明的情况下合理规制商标平行进口,始终是实务界与理论界的难题。实践中通常主张商标平行进口合法,但囿于商标平行进口涉及的法律关系复杂,存在对其可能构成的不正当竞争行为认定不明、经销商与消费者维权难等问题。梳理典型案例,商标平行进口常因属于虚假宣传或混淆的不正当竞争行为而侵犯经销商的独立商誉,故应立足《反不正当竞争法》探讨规制的因应之策。将实质性差异原则本土化并廓清商标平行进口的禁止例外利于在实务中明晰裁判思路,而将侵犯独立商誉的不正当竞争后果作为违法事由、构建完备的消费者权益保护机制则有助于从救济层面予以回应。

How to reasonably regulate trademark parallel imports under unclear legal provisions has always been a difficult issue for both practitioners and theorists.In practice,trademark parallel imports are usually advocated to be legal,but due to the complex legal relationships involved in trademark parallel imports,there are problems such as unclear identification of possible unfair competition behaviors,and difficulties in rights protection for dealers and consumers.By analyzing typical cases,trademark parallel imports often infringe upon the independent goodwill of dealers due to unfair competition behaviors such as false advertising or confusion,thus regulation should be based on the Anti-Unfair Competition Law to explore corresponding measures.Localizing the principle of material differences and clarifying the exceptions to the prohibition of trademark parallel imports are beneficial for clarifying judicial reasoning in practice,while treating the unfair competition consequences of infringing independent goodwill as a legal cause and establishing a comprehen-sive consumer rights protection mechanism can help to respond from a relief perspective.