论国有企业制度的中国特色重构——以《公司法》“国家出资公司”新规为视角

On the Reconstruction of the State-Owned Enterprise System with Chinese Characteristics-From the Perspective of the New Regulations on“State-Funded Companies”in the Company Law

《公司法》应当如何调整、规制国有企业,一直存在重大争议。国有企业基本是在《公司法》以外的另一套体系中行动——无论人事任免,还是重大决策等,均在一定程度上脱离《公司法》的规定运行。这一方面直接影响到《公司法》的权威性;另一方面直接影响到国企法律规范的有效性,使得国企的诸多事项要么存在法律空白,要么存在制度冲突,如国企定义、党组织领导地位模糊问题。此种局面的形成,在很大程度上是因为《公司法》规整不当所致。我国最新《公司法》于2023年12月29日修订通过,通过立法新增“国家出资公司组织机构的特别规定”章节,让党组织嵌入国企治理、整合国有企业相关法律定义、审计委员会制度、内控合规制度等,对国有公司治理制度进行重构,将成为深化国有企业改革和全面推进法治中国建设的风向标。

How to adjust and regulate state-owned enterprises in Company Law has been a major dispute.State-owned enterprises basically act in another system outside the Company Law—whether per-sonnel appointment or removal,or major decisions,etc.,are to a certain extent out of the Compa-ny Law.This aspect directly affects the authority of the Company Law;On the other hand,it di-rectly affects the effectiveness of the legal norms of state-owned enterprises,making many mat-ters of state-owned enterprises either exist legal gaps or institutional conflicts,such as the defini-tion of state-owned enterprises and the ambiguous leadership status of party organizations.The formation of this situation,to a large extent,is caused by the improper regulation of the Company Law.China’s latest“Company Law”was revised and passed on December 29,2023,and added a new chapter of“Special Provisions on the organization of State-funded companies”through legis-lation,so that party organizations can be embedded in the governance of state-owned enterprises,integrate the relevant legal definitions of state-owned enterprises,audit committee system,in-ternal control and compliance system,and restructure the governance system of state-owned com-panies.It will become a vane for deepening the reform of state-owned enterprises and compre-hensively promoting the construction of the rule of law in China.