浅谈生态环境损害赔偿磋商运行中的监督问题

Supervisory Issues in the Operation of the Consultation on Compensation for Ecological Damages

自我国《生态环境损害赔偿制度改革方案》出台以来,各地关于环境磋商的地方法规层出不穷,环境磋商成为了处理生态环境损害赔偿的主要方式。然而,在环境磋商的过程中,赔偿权利人既是代表公众负责环境监管的管理者,又是参与环境磋商的平等主体,这样的双重身份造成了磋商双方主体间的不平等。同时,在环境磋商过程中,由于配套法律制度规范不健全,公众参与热情低、方式旧,行政机关内部监督与社会监督同时缺位,导致该制度的应用在实际操作中存在不少问题。文章遵循公共信托理论,对上述问题进行了分析论证,指出了环境磋商亟待完成配套监督机制的必要性以及当前的监督缺漏问题。通过对域外国家环境协商制度监督机制的比较法研究,结合其他部门法类似制度及我国现状,提出了关于完善环境磋商监督机制的想法。

Since the introduction of China’s Reform Program for the Compensation System for Ecological and Environmental Damages,local regulations on environmental consultation have emerged in vari-ous places,and environmental consultation has become the main way to deal with compensation for ecological and environmental damages.However,in the process of environmental consultation,the compensation right holder is both the administrator responsible for environmental supervi-sion on behalf of the public and an equal subject participating in the environmental consultation,and this dual identity has caused inequality between the two subjects of the consultation.At the same time,in the process of environmental consultation,the application of the system has many problems in practice due to the incomplete norms of the supporting legal system,the low enthu-siasm and old ways of public participation,and the simultaneous absence of internal supervision of the administrative organs and social supervision.Following the theory of public trust,the ar-ticle analyzes and argues about the above problems,and points out the necessity of completing the supporting supervision mechanism for environmental consultation and the current problem of supervision omission.Through the comparative law study on the supervision mechanism of envi-ronmental consultation system in overseas countries,combined with similar systems in other sectoral laws and the current situation in China,the article puts forward the idea of improving the supervision mechanism of environmental consultation.