青海省短时强降水分布特征浅析

Analysis of the Distribution Characteristics of Short-term Heavy Precipitation in Qinghai Province

文章利用青海省537个国家站、天气站和区域站小时降水数据,对青海省2016-2021年期间的短时强降水时空分布特征进行了分析,得出以下结论:(1)短时强降水出现次数以2016年最多,2018年次之,2021年最少,其余3年出现次数接近。(2)短时强降水自6月中旬开始增多,7月下旬至8月下旬为高发时段,峰值多出现在8月中旬前后。(3)短时强降水集中时段出现在下午16时至23时,在出现次数较多年份集中时段会分别向前后延长,在出现次数相对较少年份会明显向中间收缩。(4)海西的乌兰,海北的刚察、海晏,海南的共和、贵南、同德,西宁的大通、湟中,海东的互助、平安、化隆、民和,黄南的尖扎、泽库、河南以及果洛的玛沁为易发区;大通的桥头镇,湟中的大才乡,尖扎的坎布拉镇,民和的马营镇、古鄯镇,河南的赛尔龙乡、优干宁镇,同德的秀麻乡为高发区。分析结果对了解和掌握青海省短时强降水分布特征、提高短时强降水落区预报时效等具有十分重要的参考意义。

The hourly precipitation data of 537 national,weather and regional stations in Qinghai Province were analyzed,and the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of short-term heavy precipitation were studied.The following conclusions were drawn:(1)In 2016-2021,the number of occurrences of short-term heavy precipitation was the highest in 2016,followed by 2018,the lowest in 2021,and the number of occurrences in the remaining three years was close.(2)Short-term heavy precipitation began to increase from mid-June,and the peak period was high from late July to late August,and the peak mostly occurred around mid-August.(3)The concentrated period of short-term heavy precipitation occurs at 16:00-23:00 in the afternoon,and the concentrated period will be extended forward and backward in years with more occurrences,and will shrink significantly to the middle in years with relatively few occurrences.(4)Wulan in Haixi,Gangcha and Haiyan in Haibei,Gonghe,Guinan,Tongde in Hainan,Datong and Huangzhong in Xining,Huzhu,Ping’an,Hualong and Minhe in Haidong,Jianzha,Zeku and Henan in Huangnan,and Maqin in Guoluo are prone areas.Qiaotou Town in Datong,Dacai Township in Huangzhong,Kambula Town in Jianza,Maying Town and Gushan Town in Minhe,Saillong Township and Youganning Town in Henan,Xiuma Township in Tongde are high-incidence areas.