青海省黄南藏族自治州南部重要牧事活动气象服务指标研究

Study on Meteorological Service Indexes of Important Pastoral Activities in Southern Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Qinghai Province

文章选取青海省黄南藏族自治州南部气象站2003-2022年地面、生态气象观测资料,结合调查的牧事活动出现时段,应用数理统计方法进行统计分析,对黄南南部重要牧事活动气象服务指标进行了研究。结果表明:(1)黄南南部夏季转场时间以日平均气温稳定通过≥5℃初日后20 d左右为宜,河南地区为6月第1-3候;泽库地区为6月第3、5候及7月第2候;(2)黄南南部秋季转场时间以日平均气温稳定通过≥5℃终日后10~20 d为宜,河南地区为10月第1、3-4候;泽库地区为9月第3候、10月第1-2候;(3)黄南南部剪毛期以日平均气温稳定通过≥10℃初日至日平均气温≥12℃终日时段为宜,河南地区最佳剪毛期为7月中、下旬,泽库地区为7月下旬至8月上旬;(4)黄南南部屠宰期以日平均气温稳定通过≥0℃终日后20~30 d为宜,河南地区最佳屠宰期为10月中旬至11月上旬,泽库地区最佳屠宰期为10月中旬至下旬;(5)黄南南部12月到翌年1月与2-3月是生产冬羔和春羔的盛期,此段时间气候条件严酷,对羔羊繁殖成活率影响较大,建议根据实际情况采取御寒防病、补充饲料等措施。研究结果对于合理安排牧事活动、防御自然灾害、充分利用气候和草地资源促进畜牧业生产高效优质具有重要的参考价值。

In this paper,the meteorological service indexes of important pastoral activities in southern Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Qinghai Province were studied by selecting the surface and ecological meteorological observation data of the southern meteorological station of Huangnan Prefecture of Qinghai Province from 2003 to 2022,combining with the investigation of the occurrence time of pastoral activities,using mathematical statistics method for statistical analysis.The results show that:(1)The summer transition time in southern Huangnan is about 20 days after the first day of the daily average temperature stability through≥5℃,and the Henan area is the first to third pentads in June.The Zeku area is the third and fifth pentads in June and the second pentad in July.(2)The suitable time for autumn transition in southern Huangnan is 10 to 20 days after the end date of daily average temperature steadily passing≥5℃,and Henan is the first,third and fourth pentads in October.The Zeku area is the third pentad in September and the first to second pentads in October.(3)The best shearing period in southern Huangnan is from the first day of daily average temperature steadily passing≥10℃ to the end day of daily average temperature≥12℃.The best shearing period in Henan area is in the middle and late July,and in Zeku area is from late July to early August.(4)The optimal slaughter period in the south of Huangnan was 20 to 30 days after the end date when the daily average temperature passed≥0℃ stably.The optimal slaughter period in Henan was from mid-October to early November,and the optimal slaughter period in Zeku was from mid-October to late October.(5)In southern Huangnan,December to January and February to March of the following year is the peak period of production of winter lambs and spring lambs.During this period,the climate conditions are harsh,which has a great impact on the survival rate of lamb reproduction.It is recommended to take measures such as cold prevention and disease prevention,supplementary feed and other measures according to the actual situation.The research results have important reference value for reasonable arrangement of animal husbandry activities,prevention of natural disasters,full use of climate and grassland resources,and promotion of efficient and high-quality animal husbandry production.