台湾地区政治转型时期国民党中国民族主义衰落之历史原因——以政党适应性调整为视角

The Historical Reasons for the Decline of Kuomintang Chinese Nationalism during the Political Transformation Period in Taiwan region:From the Perspective of Political Party Adaptation Adjustment

国民党作为近代中国一个典型的民族主义政党,中国民族主义当是其最重要的核心意识形态之一,以追求国家统一为其核心内涵。国民党迁台后,为了适应岛内外剧烈变化的局势发展,其在台湾地区政治转型时期开始了政党适应性调整。从政党生态上看,蒋经国到李登辉的一系列党内改革使国民党不断“本土化”与“台湾化”;从政党发展上看,“党国体制”面临崩溃,使国民党开始从威权支配型政党向选举竞争型政党转型;从政党动员上看,国民党内意识形态斗争激烈,中国民族主义出现严重的认同危机。虽然国民党的政党适应性调整使其在台湾地区“民主化”过程中生存下来,但也引发了党内中国民族主义的衰落。缺乏政治远见的政党适应性调试加剧了国民党的结构性突变,导致其政党内部分裂、核心价值缺失、支持基础萎缩,最终国民党与中国民族主义的中心思想渐行渐远。

As a typical nationalist political party in modern China,the Kuomintang's nationalism is one of its most important core ideologies,with the pursuit of national unity as its core connotation.After the relocation of the Kuomintang to Taiwan region,in order to adapt to the rapidly changing situation both inside and outside the island,the Kuomintang began to adjust its political party adaptability during the period of political transformation in Taiwan.From the perspective of political party ecology,the series of intra party reforms from Chiang Ching-kuo to Lee Teng-hui led to the continuous localization and Taiwanization of the Kuomintang.From the perspective of political party development,the party-state system was facing collapse,causing the Kuomintang's transition from an authoritarian party to an election-competitive party.From the perspective of political party mobilization,the ideological struggle within the Kuomintang was fierce,and there was a serious crisis of identity in Chinese nationalism.Although the adaptability adjustment of the Kuomintang's political party made it survive in the process of democratization in Taiwan region,it also triggered the decline of Chinese nationalism within the party.The adaptation adjustment of political parties lacking political foresight exacerbated the structural mutation of the Kuomintang,leading to internal division,the lack of core values,and support base shrinking.Ultimately,the central ideology of the Kuomintang and Chinese nationalism gradually drifted away.