高校实验楼火灾应急疏散模拟仿真

Simulation of emergency evacuation of college experimental building fire

为研究高校实验楼发生火灾烟气扩散和人员应急疏散,以某高校实验楼为例,通过Revit软件建立BIM模型,导入Pyrosim软件进行火灾模拟仿真研究,分析在3种不同的火灾场景下,烟气的蔓延以及能见度、CO浓度和烟气温度的变化情况。同时利用Pathfinder软件进行人员疏散模拟仿真研究,分析了各关键疏散口的拥堵情况,并计算出安全疏散时间以评估各个疏散口的安全性。提出优化方案引导人员进行有效地疏散,并对比引导前后的疏散时间。结果表明:能见度是影响人员疏散时间的最主要因素,由于实验楼走廊狭窄,在火灾发生时,烟气会迅速蔓延至楼梯间影响人员疏散;走廊尽头及拐角处的CO浓度会更高;启用楼外楼梯时会大幅降低整体疏散时间;引导人员进行有效疏散后,疏散总用时减小25.5 s,所有楼层关键疏散口在不同火灾场景下均达到安全标准。

In order to study the fire smoke diffusion and emergency evacuation of personnel in the experimental building of colleges and universities,a BIM model is established by Revit software,and Pyrosim software was introduced to carry out fire simulation research.The spread of smoke and the changes of visibility,CO concentration and smoke temperature in three different fire scenarios are analyzed.At the same time,Pathfinder software is used to simulate the evacuation of personnel,analyze the congestion of each key evacuation port,and calculate the safe evacuation time to evaluate the safety of each evacuation port.The optimization scheme is proposed to guide the personnel to evacuate effectively,and the evacuation time before and after guidance is compared.The results show that visibility is the most important factor affecting the evacuation time.Due to the narrow corridor of the experimental building,when the fire occurs,the smoke will quickly spread to the stairwell and affect the evacuation.The CO concentration at the end of the corridor and the corner will be higher;enabling the stairs outside the building will greatly reduce the overall evacuation time;after the effective evacuation of the guide personnel,the total evacuation time is reduced by 25.5 s,and the key evacuation ports of all floors meet the safety standards in different fire scenarios.