2021年呼和浩特市大气PM_(2.5)中多环芳烃污染特征及健康风险评价

Pollution characteristics and health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in atmospheric PM_(2.5)in Hohhot City,2021

目的了解2021年呼和浩特市回民区、赛罕区大气细颗粒物(fine particulate matter,PM_(2.5))中多环芳烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAHs)的污染及分布特征,评估其经呼吸途径对人群健康造成的风险。方法于2021年每月10—16日,在两城区监测点采集大气PM_(2.5),采用高效液相色谱法测定其中16种PAHs质量浓度,利用毒性当量质量浓度评估PAHs增量终生致癌风险,并对其中有经吸入途径毒理学参数的PAHs开展非致癌和致癌性健康风险评估。结果两区PM_(2.5)质量浓度差异无统计学意义,PAHs质量浓度冬季>春季>秋季>夏季,在冬春季两城区占比最高的均为4环PAHs,主要来源为燃煤、交通排放以及生物质燃烧。全市PHAs增量终生致癌风险值男性为2.47×10^(-6),女性为2.26×10^(-6)。苯并[b]荧蒽、苯并[a]芘、二苯并[a,h]蒽、茚并[1,2,3-cd]芘在冬季和全年时致癌风险值为1.0×10^(-6)~1.0×10^(-4),处于人群可接受范围内,存在潜在致癌风险,男性致癌风险均大于女性。秋季与冬季苯并[a]芘非致癌风险值分别为1.28、2.10,但全年非致癌风险<1。2021年呼和浩特市PM_(2.5)中PAHs致男性预期寿命损失14.44 min,女性15.10 min。结论2021年呼和浩特市两城区大气PM_(2.5)中PAHs具有季节性差异,且对人群存在潜在致癌风险,冬季时苯并[a]芘存在非致癌风险。

Objective To understand the pollution and distribution characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in atmospheric fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))in Huimin District and Saihan District,Hohhot City in 2021,and to evaluate its risk for population health through respiratory pathway.Methods From the 10th to the 16th of each month in 2021,atmospheric PM_(2.5)samples were collected at monitoring points in the two urban districts.The mass concentrations of 16 PAHs were determined by high performance liquid chromatography.The incremental lifetime carcinogenic risk of PAHs was evaluated by toxic equivalent concentration,and the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risk assessments were carried out for PAHs with toxicological parameters of the inhalation route.Results There was no statistically significant difference in the mass concentration of PM_(2.5)between the two districts,and the mass concentration of PAHs showed winter>spring>autumn>summer.The highest proportion in winter and spring in the two urban districts was 4-ring PAHs,and the main sources were coal combustion,traffic emissions and biomass combustion.The value of incremental lifetime carcinogenic risk of PHAs in the whole city was 2.47×10^(-6)for men and 2.26×10^(-6)for women.The carcinogenic risk values of Bbf,Bap,DbahA and IcdP in winter and the whole year were 1.0×10^(-6)-1.0×10^(-4),which were within the acceptable ranges of the population,but there were potential carcinogenic risks,and the carcinogenic risks were higher in men than in women.The non-carcinogenic risk values of BaP in autumn and winter were 1.28 and 2.10 respectively,but the annual non-carcinogenic risk was less than 1.The life expectancy loss due to PAHs in PM_(2.5)in Hohhot City in 2021 was 14.44 min for men and 15.10 min for women.Conclusion PAHs in atmospheric PM_(2.5)in the two urban districts of Hohhot City in 2021 had seasonal differences,and there were carcinogenic risks for the population and a non-carcinogenic risk of Bap in winter.