2021年佛山市顺德区学龄前儿童心理行为发育现状及影响因素分析

Current status of psychological and behavioral development and its influencing factors among preschoolers in Shunde District,Foshan City,2021

目的调查2021年佛山市顺德区学龄前儿童心理行为发育现状,探索儿童心理行为发育偏异的影响因素,为促进儿童健康发展,制定相关防控措施提供科学依据。方法运用分层整群随机抽样的方法,于2021年12月,分别对顺德区10个社区的19家幼儿园开展调查。使用儿童心理行为发育问题预警征象进行筛查,同时收集孕产妇基本情况及儿童基本信息。结果共收集有效问卷4930份,筛查阳性率为4.3%,3~5岁儿童精细动作发育问题较突出,其在各年龄中阳性占比分别为3岁组47.1%、4岁组39.0%、5岁组83.0%,6岁组儿童语言发育问题较显著,其阳性占比为55.6%。多因素分析结果显示男性(OR=2.128,95%CI:1.570~2.886)、5岁组(OR=2.148,95%CI:1.474~3.131)、极低出生体重(OR=9.167,95%CI:2.016~41.681)、脐带绕颈(OR=1.559,95%CI:1.062~2.287)、母亲孕期存在情绪问题(OR=3.150,95%CI:1.768~5.611)的儿童发育偏异风险较高。6岁组(OR=0.404,95%CI:0.179~0.913)、母亲本科学历(OR=0.637,95%CI:0.449~0.903)的儿童发育偏异风险较低。结论相关卫生部门应定期对学龄前儿童开展心理行为发育问题的筛查和指导,并做好孕期宣教,鼓励按时产检,缓解母亲孕期不良情绪,减少极低出生体重及脐带绕颈的发生。

Objective To investigate the status quo of psychological and behavioral development amongst preschool children in Shunde District,Foshan City in 2021,to explore the factors influencing children’s psychological and behavioral development deviations,and to provide a scientific basis for promoting children’s healthy development and formulating relevant prevention and control measures.Methods A stratified cluster random sampling method was used to investigate 19 kindergartens in 10 communities in Shunde District in December 2021.Early warning signs of children’s psychological and behavioral development problems were used for screening,and then pregnant women’s and children’s general information was collected.Results A total of 4,930 valid questionnaires were collected,and the screening positive rate was 4.3%.The fine motor development problems of children aged 3-5 years were more prominent,and the positive proportion was 47.1%in the 3-year-old group,39.0%in the 4-year-old group and 83.0%in the 5-year-old group respectively.The language development problems of children aged 6 years were more significant,and the positive proportion was 55.6%.Multivariate analysis revealed that male children(OR=2.128,95%CI:1.570-2.886),children aged 5 years(OR=2.148,95%CI:1.474-3.131),children with very low birth weight(OR=9.167,95%CI:2.016-41.681),children having an experience of umbilical cord around the neck(OR=1.559,95%CI:1.062-2.287)and children with maternal emotional problems during pregnancy(OR=3.150,95%CI:1.768-5.611)had a higher risk of developmental abnormalities.Children aged 6 years(OR=0.404,95%CI:0.179-0.913)and having a mother armed with a bachelor’s degree(OR=0.637,95%CI:0.449-0.903)had a lower risk of developmental abnormalities.Conclusion Relevant health departments should carry out regular screening and guidance for psychological and behavioral development problems in the preschoolers.Meanwhile,it is necessary to do a good job of pregnancy publicity and education,encourage prenatal visits in time,relieve maternal unhealthy mood during pregnancy,and reduce the occurrence of very low birth weight and umbilical cord around the neck.