从方法到存在——论解释学的转向与弥合

From method to existence:on the turning and bridging of hermeneutics

施莱尔马赫和海德格尔是现代解释学两次转向中的关键人物,其中,施莱尔马赫的解释学仍有明显的方法论色彩,强调回溯性地抵达作者意图。而海德格尔则将解释学发展到存在论维度,使理解成为存在的一部分,但也使解释的“存在”与“方法”之间裂开一道斧痕。利科的解释学在反思海氏存在论解释学的基础上,选择通过一种语义学的重构和“反思”走上一条迂回的长途,为弥合方法与存在间的裂隙做出了努力。在这三种解释学发展的逻辑和路径上,各自渗透了一种对“意义”的不同思索,也隐含着20世纪以来关于文本阐释的多种可能。

Schleiermacher and Heidegger are key figures in the two turns of modern hermeneutics,among which Schleiermacher’s hermeneutics still has a clear methodological color,emphasizing the retrospective approach to reaching the author’s intention.Heidegger,on the other hand,developed hermeneutics to the ontological dimension,making understanding a part of existence,but also creating a rift between the“existence”and“method”of interpretation.On the basis of reflecting on Heidegger’s ontological hermeneutics,Lico’s hermeneutics chose to embark on a circuitous journey through a semantic reconstruction and reflection,making efforts to bridge the gap between methods and existence.In the logic and path of the development of these three hermeneutics,each permeates a different contemplation of“meaning”,and also implies various possibilities for textual interpretation since the 20th century.