治理现代化视域下老年群体的数字社会排斥与消解

The exclusion and resolution of the elderly group in the digital society from the perspective of governance modernization

党的二十大报告强调,“人民健康是民族昌盛和国家强盛的重要标志。把保障人民健康放在优先发展的战略位置,完善人民健康促进政策”,要“推进健康中国建设”。显然,贯彻党的二十大精神的一个重要方面是实施积极应对人口老龄化战略,推动实现全体老年人享有基本养老服务。与此同时,党的二十大报告擘画数字中国发展的新蓝图,提出要加快发展数字经济,促进数字经济和实体经济深度融合。但是,由于缺乏数字素养和日常生活实践的充分表达,老年群体面临“数字鸿沟”问题,这也成为社会治理现代化转型的一道障碍,引起广泛关注。为此,文章从老年人数字社会排斥的理论指向和现实问题出发,在老年人现实生活经验与实践中分析社会排斥的根源,探讨社会治理现代化转型的可能路径与未来方向。文章以65岁以上老年人为调查对象,对宁夏银川市和石嘴山市四个社区的老年人居住家庭和所属社区开展实地调查。调查发现,以数字技术的变革为驱动的数字社会重塑了人们的价值观念,改变着人们的态度和行为模式,重建了人们的社会联结纽带。这一点,在老年群体身上体现得较为明显。在融入数字社会的过程中,由于受到“数字鸿沟”限制,该群体受到了社会排斥。推进社会治理现代化转型,需要全面理解老年人所处的社会环境,也就是全面数字化、数字平台化和智能化以及社会个体化的现实。剖析老年群体在结构性排斥的驱动下,经由主体建构与策略选择共同作用下“复合型排斥”的生成机制。基于此,应当从社会、社区与个体的多维融合视野出发,始终秉持以人民为中心的价值理念,完善数字社会和数字中国的体制机制建设,完善政府各部门间的统筹协调机制,加强社区组织化建设,激发银发活力,再造老年人的主体性来消解社会排斥,满足人民群众对美好生活的向往。

The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China emphasizes that“people’s health is a key indicator of a prosperous nation and a strong country.We must give strategic priority to ensuring the people’s health and improve policies on promoting public health,”to“advance the Healthy China Initiative.”Obviously,an important aspect of implementing the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China is to actively respond to the aging population strategy and promote the realization of basic elderly care services for all elderly people.At the same time,the report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China outlined a new blueprint for the development of digital China,proposing to accelerate the development of the digital economy and promote the deep integration of the digital economy and the real economy.However,due to the lack of digital literacy and sufficient expression of daily life practices,the elderly population is facing the problem of the“digital divide”,which has also become an obstacle to the modernization of social governance transformation and has attracted widespread attention.Therefore,the article starts from the theoretical direction and practical problems of the exclusion of the elderly in the digital society,analyzes the root causes of social exclusion in the real life experience and practice of the elderly,and explores possible paths and future directions for the modernization transformation of social governance.The article takes elderly people aged 65 and above as the survey subjects,and conducts on-site investigations on the households and communities of elderly people living in four communities in Yinchuan City and Shizuishan City in Ningxia.The survey found that the digital society driven by the transformation of digital technology has reshaped people’s values,changed their attitudes and behavioral patterns,and rebuilt people’s social connections.This is more evident in the elderly population.In the process of integrating into the digital society,this group has been socially excluded due to the limitations of the“digital divide”.To promote the modernization and transformation of social governance,it is necessary to have a comprehensive understanding of the social environment in which the elderly live,that is,the reality of comprehensive digitization,digital platformization and intelligentialize as well as social individualization.Analyze the generation mechanism of“composite rejection”in the elderly population driven by structural rejection,through the joint action of subject construction and strategy selection.Based on this,we should start from the multidimensional integration perspective of society,community,and individuals,always uphold the people-centered value,improve the institutional mechanism construction of the digital society and digital China,improve the coordination mechanism among various government departments,strengthen community organization construction,stimulate silver vitality,and rebuild the subjectivity of the elderly to eliminate social exclusion and meet the people’s needs for a better life.