小说《楢山节考》中的替罪羊迫害研究

Study of the Scapegoating Persecution in the Novel Narayama Bushikō

日本作家深泽七郎的小说《楢山节考》以日本弃老传说为蓝本,通过对迫害诸定式的表现,揭露了其背后隐匿的替罪羊机制。村落中的迫害集团牺牲部分老人,以疏解村落内部潜在的暴力隐患,凭借对社会资源危机的反应、对老人之无用的定罪、衰老的特殊标记以及暴力本身,构建出一套完整的替罪羊机制。该小说是典型的迫害性文本,暗示了日本古代社会中存在着残酷的集体暴力,并借此反思了日本近代社会的自我意志与人道主义精神的缺失。

Japanese writer Shichir Fukazawa’s novel Narayama Bushikō,based on the Japanese folklore of abandonment of the elderly,exposes the hidden scapegoat mechanism behind the persecution through the representation of persecution stereotypes.The persecuting group in the village sacrifices some of the aged to de-escalate the potential violence within the village,and builds a complete scapegoat mechanism by its response to the social resource crisis,its condemnation of the uselessness of the elderly,the special marks of aging,and the violence itself.The novel is a typical persecution text,suggesting the existence of brutal collective violence in ancient Japanese society,and reflecting on the missing of self-determination and humanitarianism in modern Japanese society.