磷酸铌催化应用的研究进展

Research Progress of Niobium Phosphate for Catalytic Application

酸性催化剂广泛应用于有机反应中,但是传统的液体酸催化剂具有毒性、腐蚀性、分离回收困难等缺点,在工业应用中具有一定的局限性,而固体酸催化剂具有无毒、无腐蚀、易分离等优点。与其他固体酸相比,磷酸铌具有高的热稳定性、耐水性、较高的比表面积、丰富的Lewis酸和Brønsted酸位点,在催化反应中显示出优异的催化活性。而且,由于磷酸铌可以作为载体负载其他金属,制备复合多功能催化剂,这对于开发用于生物质转化、精细化工等领域的环境友好型催化剂具有重要意义。介绍了磷酸铌类催化剂在催化应用中的研究进展,主要包括磷酸铌在脱水反应、酯化反应、氢解反应和烷基化反应中的应用,以及磷酸铌复合其他金属后在一些串联反应的应用。

Acid catalysts are widely used in organic reactions,but traditional liquid acid catalysts have limitations in industrial applications due to their toxicity,corrosion and difficulty in separation and recovery,while solid acid catalysts have the advantages of their non-toxicity,non-corrosiveness and ease of separating.Compared to other solid acids,niobium phosphate exhibits excellent catalytic activity on account of high thermal stability,water resistance,high specific surface area,and abundant Lewis acid and Brønsted acid sites.Moreover,niobium phosphate can be used as a carrier to load other metals to prepare composite multifunctional catalysts,which is important for the development of environmentally friendly catalysts for biomass conversion,fine chemicals and other fields.In this paper,the research progress of phosphate-based catalysts in catalytic applications was presented,mainly including the application in dehydration,esterification,hydrolysis and alkylation reactions,as well as the application of niobium phosphate compounded with other metals in some tandem reactions.