日本大气污染防治政策指数评估及效应分析

Analysis on the Evaluation of Japan's Air Pollution Prevention and Control Policy Index and Effects

随着全球大气污染问题日益严峻,各国政府均采取市场化和非市场化手段加以严格防治。OECD制定的大气污染防治政策指数(EPS指数)通过综合指数法将各国政策进行量化,以此来促进各国能源转型与绿色发展。日本长期致力于大气污染防治工作,取得了显著成效。日本政府主要通过基于市场、非市场以及技术支持的政策来治理大气污染:基于市场的政策主要体现为交易机制以及税收;非市场政策则制定各类污染物的排放限值;技术支持政策表现为政府对低碳项目的研发补贴。上述3类政策的实施成效显著。一是有效防范日本的大气污染问题的同时提高了日本能源利用效率;二是推动了新能源技术在国内的广泛应用;三是日本的国际贸易中环境相关产品贸易额显著增加,并带动了国内绿色产业发展。基于此,我国在制定大气污染防治政策中需要及时了解并对接国际标准,建立完善的大气污染防治政策和碳排放交易体系,加大对低碳技术的研发投入,从而推动我国低碳经济的高质量发展。

As global environmental issues become increasingly severe,governments around the world have taken measures to prevent and control them.The Strictness Index of Air Pollution Prevention and Control Policies(EPS Index)compares policies of various countries horizontally to promote energy transformation and green development.Japan has been committed to preventing and controlling air pollution,especially accelerating prevention and control measures after the Paris Agreement.The Japanese government mainly prevents and controls air pollution through policies based on market,non market,and technology support.Market based policies are mainly reflected in trading mechanisms and taxation,non market policies are emission limits,and technology support policies are government subsidies for low-carbon research and development.The implementation of three types of policies has put Japan in an international leading position in energy utilization efficiency,with the widespread application of new energy technologies domestically and an increase in trade volume of environmental related products,driving the development of domestic green industries and expanding the export of related products.Based on this,in formulating air pollution prevention and control policies,China should timely understand and align with international standards,establish a sound carbon emission trading system,increase investment in low-carbon technology research and development,and promote the development of China's low-carbon economy.