新疆主要农作物秸秆资源综合利用现状及存在问题分析

Analysis of the current situation and existing problems of comprehensive utilization resources of main crops straw in Xinjiang

通过对2011—2020年新疆农作物进行播种面积、产量、秸秆产量进行分析得出:棉花、小麦、玉米的秸秆资源是新疆农作物总秸秆资源的主要部分。选取2011—2020年的棉花、小麦、玉米的秸秆资源数据进行计算和分析新疆秸秆资源量。通过深入分析秸秆运用还面临着一些现实问题:新疆的秸秆收集和存储体系还有待完善;综合利用成本高,目前新疆秸秆的收集、储存的机械化水平处于落后的阶段等,以此提出包括加强对秸秆综合利用的知识宣传;完善体系建设,开展试点工作;注重因地制宜,加强政策支持;完善标准制定,拓宽产业格局等意见和措施。

This article analyzed the sowing area,yield,and straw yield of crops in Xinjiang from 2011 to 2020,and concludes that the straw resources of cotton,wheat,and corn are the main part of the total straw resources of crops in Xinjiang.Therefore,selecting the straw resource data of cotton,wheat,and corn from 2011 to 2020 for the past 10 years to calculate and analyze the amount of straw resources in Xinjiang.According to data,the average utilization structure of crop straw in China is as follows:in 2020,the comprehensive utilization rate of straw in China was 90%,including direct return to the field,feed conversion,fuel conversion,base material conversion,and fertilization.Through in-depth analysis,it pointed out that straw utilization still faces some practical problems:Xinjiang straw collection and storage system still needs to be improved;The comprehensive utilization cost is high,and currently the mechanization level of straw collection and storage in Xinjiang is in a backward stage.Based on the problems in crops straws comprehensive utilization,it is proposed to strengthen the promotion of knowledge on the comprehensive utilization of straw,improve system construction and carry out pilot work,use adapting measures according to local conditions,strengthen policy support,as well as improve standard formulation and expanding industrial landscape.