浅议世界自然遗产视野下自然景观保护管理的挑战

A Discussion on the Challenges in the Conservation and Management of Natural Landscapes from the Perspective of World Natural Heritage

我国具有数量众多和独特的自然景观,这些自然景观构成我国自然遗产的重要部分,保护这些自然遗产是建设生态文明和贡献于构建人类命运共同体的重要任务。文章从“景观”与“自然景观”的概念入手,回顾了现代自然景观保护理念的发展,从世界自然遗产视野出发,将自然景观定义为具有自然遗产价值的景观。使用世界遗产中心官网的数据梳理《世界遗产名录》中自然景观的分布、价值内涵和保存情况,总结国际上对世界自然遗产保护管理的认知以及自然景观保护管理面临的主要问题和原因,并通过对新疆天山和九寨沟风景名胜区2处案例地的分析,探讨中国世界自然遗产所面临的具体问题。总体上,自然景观的“景观”属性给保护管理带来了挑战,同时也影响了世界遗产组织的自然保护价值观的文化转向,此外地区一般性问题也给地区带来了关键挑战。

China possesses an abundance of unique natural landscapes,which constitute an important part of our natural heritage.Protecting these natural heritages is vital for building an ecological civilization and fostering a community with a shared future for mankind.Starting with the concepts of“landscape”and“natural landscape”,this article reviews the evolution of modern views in the conservation of natural landscape.A natural landscape,from the perspective of World Natural Heritage,is defined as landscapes with natural heritage value.Using data from the official website of the World Heritage Centre,the distribution,value,and conservation status of natural landscapes in the World Heritage List are summarized.This article outlines the international understanding of World Natural Heritage site management and the main issues faced in the management of natural landscape conservation and their causes.Through case studies of two World Natural Heritage sitesXinjiang Tianshan and Jiuzhaigou Vally Scenic and Historic Interest Area,the specific challenges faced by Chinese World Natural Heritage sites are examined.Overall,the“landscape”attribute of natural landscapes poses challenges to conservation and management and influences a cultural shift in the World Heritage organization’s values in natural conservation.Additionally,regional issues also pose critical challenges to conservation efforts.