妊娠晚期孕妇分娩恐惧的影响因素分析

Influencing factors of fear of childbirth in late pregnancy

目的 调查了解妊娠晚期孕妇的分娩恐惧、夫妻亲密关系和社会支持情况,为改善孕产妇心理健康状况和促进安全分娩提供参考。方法 采用便利抽样法抽取在妇产科医院建卡并规律产检的284名妊娠晚期孕妇为研究对象,收集孕妇人口学资料及临床资料,采用分娩恐惧量表、亲密关系量表、领悟社会支持量表调查妊娠晚期孕妇分娩恐惧状况、夫妻亲密关系质量及社会支持状况,采用多重线性回归模型分析妊娠晚期孕妇分娩恐惧的影响因素。结果 妊娠晚期孕妇的分娩恐惧得分为(32.85±7.91)分,与其年龄、职业状态、家庭人均月收入、受孕方式、分娩史、妊娠期并发症、孕妇学校课程参加情况、夫妻亲密关系评分、社会支持水平,以及是否计划妊娠相关(均P<0.05)。多因素分析结果显示,年龄、职业状态、受孕方式、分娩史、孕妇学校课程参加情况、夫妻亲密关系、社会支持水平是妊娠晚期孕妇分娩恐惧的影响因素(均P<0.05)。结论 妊娠晚期孕妇普遍存在不同程度的分娩恐惧。高龄、无职业、人工辅助受孕、无分娩史、夫妻关系差、未接受过孕期健康教育、社会支持水平低的孕妇分娩恐惧发生风险较高。

Objective To investigate and understand the fear of childbirth,spousal intimacy,and social support among pregnant women in the late stage of pregnancy,in order to provide references for improving the psychological health status of pregnant women and promoting safe delivery.Methods A convenience sampling method was employed to select 284 pregnant women in the late stage of pregnancy who had registered and were attending regular prenatal check-ups at an obstetrics and gynecology hospital.Demographic and clinical information of the participants was collected.The study utilized the childbirth fear scale,the spousal intimacy scale,and the social support scale to assess the levels of childbirth fear,the quality of spousal relationships,and the status of social support among the participants,respectively.A multiple linear regression model was applied to analyze the influencing factors of childbirth fear in pregnant women during the late stage of pregnancy.Results The mean score for childbirth fear among late-stage pregnant women was(32.85±7.91)points,which was significantly correlated with their age,occupational status,household per capita monthly income,mode of conception,obstetric history,pregnancy complications,maternal school course attendance,marital intimacy score,social support level,and whether the pregnancy was planned(all P<0.05).The results of multivariate analysis showed that age,occupational status,mode of conception,obstetric history,attendance at prenatal classes,spousal intimacy,and social support levels are factors influencing childbirth fear in late-stage pregnant women(all P<0.05).Conclusions Late-stage pregnant women commonly experience varying degrees of childbirth fear.The risk of developing childbirth fear is higher among women who are of advanced maternal age,unemployed,conceived through assisted reproductive technology,have no history of childbirth,have poor spousal relationships,have not received prenatal health education,and have low levels of social support.